MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF THE NUCLEAR GENOME OF GRAMINEAE PLANTS

(1)RELP基因座连锁图谱的构建：测定了普通小麦24个组蛋白基因和组蛋白基因调控蛋白基因的染色体位置。此外，还明确了其中一些基因在小麦RFLP图谱中的位置(TSUNEWAKI)。克隆了四倍体小麦染色体特异的随机扩增多态性DNA片段，并用Nakamura法确定了其在普通小麦染色体上的定位。为了构建二倍体小麦的RFLP图谱，构建了一粒粒小麦基因组文库，筛选出适合RFLP分析的克隆(OGIHARA)。在水稻中，用脉冲场凝胶电泳法分离出一个含有rRNAb基因的巨大基因组DNA分子，并对其末端片段进行了克隆和测序(Hirai)。在多年生黑麦草中，克隆了含有相同rrna基因的基因组dna克隆，并构建了其6种内切酶的物理图谱…。对特定DNA序列的研究：物种或基因组特定的或高度重复的序列，以及推测在细胞器之间移动的序列一直是这类研究的对象。首先，以普通小麦B基因组特异克隆为探针，对山羊草属Sitopsis组的所有种进行了RFLP分析，建立了它们之间的系统发育关系。然后，黑麦-，或Ae。利用新的原位杂交方法，如GISH和FISH(Yamamoto，YASUMURO和Tsujimoto)，研究了它们在这些种的染色体以及其他禾本科植物基因组中的分布。获得了一个推测来源于线粒体的FOF1-ATPasebeta亚基核基因的cDNA克隆，并对其1kbp区域进行了测序(TERACHI)。(3)基因组重组基因的研究：对由杀配子基因末端缺失的小麦染色体进行了C-显带分析，并对其纯合子进行了筛选。利用这些品系，已将几个克隆的基因定位在C-带染色体图谱上。在水稻中，一个与细长颖壳基因slg紧密连锁的突变子基因已经进行了广泛的RFLP和RAPD分析，并讨论了一个现实的反应突变子的方法(TANISAKA)。较少

(1)Toward construction of linkage map of RELP loci : Chromosomal locations of 24 loci of the histone genes and histone-gene regulating protein genes in common wheat have been determined. Further, the positions of some of them in the wheat RFLP map have been specified(TSUNEWAKI). RAPD fragments specific to tetraploid wheat chromosomes have been cloned, and their locations on common wheat chromosomes have been determined by the use of nullitetrasomics(NAKAMURA). In order to construct RFLP map in diploid wheat, genomic library of einkorn wheat has been constructed and clones suitable for RFLP analysis have been screening(OGIHARA). In rice, a giant genomic DNA molecule containing rRNAb genes have been fractionated by pulse-field gel electrophoresis, and its terminal fragments have been cloned and sequences(HIRAI). In perennial ryegrass, genomic DNA clone containing the same rRNA genes has been cloned and its physical map of restriction sites for six kinds of endonucleases has been construc … More ted(MIKAMI).(2)Studies on specific DNA sequences : Species-or genome-specific, or highly repeated sequences, and sequences presumably moved between organelles have been the objects of this category of the studies. First, using the clones specific specific for the B genome of common wheat as probes, RFLP analysis has been carried out for all species of the section Sitopsis of the genus Aegilops and their phylogenetic relationship has been established(MIYASHITA). Then, rye-, or Ae. squarrosa-specific highly repeated sequences and another family, Afa, have been isolated and their distribution among the chromosomes of these species as well as genomes of other Gramineous species has been studied by new in situ hybridization methods such as GISH and FISH(YAMAMOTO,YASUMURO and TSUJIMOTO). A cDNA clone of the nuclear gene for FoF1-ATPasebeta subunit, that is assumed to have been transferred from mitochondria, has been obtained and its 1kbp region has been sequenced(TERACHI).(3)Studies on genome-reorganizing genes : Terminally deleted wheat chromosomes by gametocidal genes have been subjected to C-banding analysis and their homozygotes have been screening. Using these lines several cloned genes have been localized on C-banded chromosome map(ENDO). In rice, a mutator gene closely linked to the slender glume gene, slg, has been subjected to extensive RFLP and RAPD analyzes, and a realistic method of reacting the mutator has been discussed(TANISAKA). Less