The Status and Role of Women -A comparative sociological study-

这项研究是一项社会学尝试，旨在调查有利于或不利于妇女地位和作用的因素。我们从女性的地位和作用、文学中的女性以及一些女性的生活史三个角度来考察证据。首先，我们分析了女性意识对她们的教育观、日常生活行为和职业生涯的影响。在女性意识方面，研究了女性意识及其教育观与日常生活中的女性意识之间的互动关系。在女性的职业生涯中，我们考察了托儿所女教师的地位和作用。其次，我们从两个角度来研究文学中的女性：女权主义者和维多利亚时期的“新女性”和默默无闻的裘德。第一部分讨论了维多利亚时期英国的女权主义运动和1980年代《S》文学作品中的“新女性”形象。第二部分重新审视了托马斯·哈代的“无名的裘德”，从最近关于虚拟婚姻的争论开始。最后，我们通过一些女性的人生史来探讨女性在现实中的地位和作用。举报人选自岩手县和宫城县。通过这些生活史，我们也可以窥见那些对女性的地位和作用有利或不利的社会因素。

This research is a sociological attempt to investigate into factors which work for or against the status and role of women. We have looked at evidence from three viewpoints : the status and role of women, the women in literature and life histories of some women.Firstly, we have analyzed how women's consciousness has an influence upon their outlook on education, their behavior in daily life and their careers. As for women's consciousness, interactions between women's consciousness and their outlook on education and women's consciousness in daily life have been studied. As for women's careers, the status and role of nursery governess has been examined.Secondly, we have studied the women in literature from two viewpoints : Feminism and "New Women" in the Victorian and Jude the Obscure. The first part has dealt with Feminism movements in Britain in the Victorian and the image of "New Women" in literary works in 1980's. In the second part, we have reconsidered Jude the Obscure by Thomas Hardy, beginning with recent arguments about virtual marriage, which is one of current topics along with different family names in a couple.Lastly, we have inquired into the status and role of women in the reality through life histories of some women. The informants are selected from Iwate and Miyagi. Through these life histories, we also have got a glimpse of social factors which work for or against the status and role of women.