Development of (X,eX) Spectroscopy

在康普顿散射实验中，单色X射线光子被非弹性散射，并且散射的X射线光子被检测为方向和能量的函数。在（X，eX）光谱学中，除了X射线光子之外，还测量符合反冲电子作为能量和方向的函数。然后，利用动量守恒和能量守恒，可以完整地描述初始电子态。虽然在较早的时候已经指出，但由于实验困难，（X，eX）信号从未被观察到。为了实现这一目标，激发X射线应该是强的，散射的X射线应该有效地收集，反冲电子应该区分来自不同来源的电子，例如光电子。为了观察（X，eX）现象，研制了高效的X射线能谱仪和电子分析仪，分别用球形弯曲的Si（440）晶体和单弯曲的石墨（004）晶体制作了单色器和能谱仪。通过使用这些，观察到非常弱的X射线拉曼散射（参考文献1）。在此基础上，构建了一个由直径为64 mm的内球和直径为86 mm的外球组成的单球静电分析仪。如预期的那样，分辨率为2eV，并且观察到（e，2e）现象，这是（X，eX）的电子类似物（提交出版）。通过组合这些元素（X，eX）进行测量，并观察到重合信号。然而，它们可能起源于光电子，我们仍在试图确定它们是否是（X，eX）信号。

In Compton scattering experiments, monochromatic X-ray photons are inelastically scattered, and scattered X-ray photons are detected as a function of direction and energy. In (X,eX) spectroscopy, in addition to X-ray photons, coincident recoil electrons are measure also as a function of energy and direction. Then, by the use of momentum coservation and energy conservation, the initial electronic state can completely described. Although pointed out in earlier times, (X,eX) signal has never been observed because of experimental difficulties. In order for this goal to be achieved, excitation X-rays should be strong, scattered X-rays should be efficiently collected, and recoil electron should be discriminated from electrons from different origin, ex.photoelectron. In this study, efficient X-ray spectrometera and an electron analyzer are developed in order to observe (X,eX) phenomenon.A monochromator having a spherically bent Si (440) crystal and a spectrometer having a singly bent graphite (004) crystal were constructed. By the use of these, very weak X-ray Raman scattering was observed (Reference 1). Then, a single spherical electrostatic analyzer was constructed, which consists of an inner sphere of 64 mm in diameter and an oute sphere of 86 mm in diameter. The resolution was 2 eV as expected, and (e, 2e) phenomena which is an electron analogure of (X,eX) were observed (submitted for publication). By combining these elements (X,eX) measurements were carried out and coincident signals were observed. They might, however, originate from photoelectron, and we are still trying to make it sure whether they are (X,eX) signals or not.