Development of clinical denistry instructuion simulator using visual reality system

在这个临床牙科先进而复杂的时代，通过书本获取知识和使用假人进行培训的方法在诊断、治疗计划和与患者沟通方面不能提供足够的培训结果。例如，通过手册和人体模型接受培训的牙医在从事实际治疗时将面临巨大的技术和心理负担。本项目的目标是开发基于虚拟现实(VR)技术的新型计算机辅助口腔临床教学系统，该系统能够模拟临床中遇到的各种情况，并能够提高牙科培训的效率。安装了专门为VR系统设计的Unix工作站，包括多个CPU，用于并行处理以实时生成渲染的3D图形和立体声。原来的输出系统，即头盔显示器(HMD)，已升级为透视型HMD，重量轻，视觉质量高。P…在磁性环境中，利用牙钻头的复制品传输更多的用户手的位置信息，而使用三个线圈来感知三维位置信息。此外，还开发了一个数字化系统，提供像人类手臂一样的七个自由度的七个连杆，以评估手的运动。为了提高定位精度，该数字化仪最近被一种基于并联机构的六臂系统所取代。最初在该系统上开发的去龋洞和牙齿准备的牙科操作模拟已经变得复杂，无论是无创效果还是声音效果，以尽可能真实地再现现实。虚拟现实应用的优势在于：1)在实践教学过程中补充了中级和基于人体模型的培训；2)当患者的舌头突然移动时，能够进行风险管理方面的培训，有效地鼓励了牙科实习生理解临床牙科技能。我们应该继续进一步研究，完善合适的反馈系统，扩大模拟在牙科的应用范围。较少

In this age of advanced and complicated clinical dentistry, knowledge acquisition through books and training methods using manikins cannot provide adequate training results in diagnoses, treatment planning and communication with patients. For example, dentists who have received training through manuals and manikins will be faced with tremendous technical and psychological burdens when engaging in actual therapy. The goal of this project is to develop the new computer-aided clinical dentistry educational system based on virtual reality (VR) technology that assumes diverse situations encountered in a clinic and can promote the efficiency of dental training. A UNIX workstation specially designed for VR system, including multiple CPUs for parallel processing to generate rendered 3D graphics and stereophonic sounds in real time, was installed. The original output system, i.e.a head-mounted display (HMD), has been updated to the see-through type HMD with low weight and high visual quality. P … More ositional information of user's hand was transmitted with a replica of dental drill head, while the three-dimensional position information is sensed with three coils in a magnetic environment. In addition, a digitizing system providing seven links with seven degrees of freedom like the human arm was developed to evaluate hand movements. This digitizer has lately been replaced by a new system with six arms based on the parallel mechanism to improve the locating accuracy. The dental operating simulations for caries cavity removal and tooth preparation originally developed on this system have been sophisticated both invisual and sound effects to represent the real as practical as possible. The advantages of the application using virtual reality, providing 1) supplementing intermediate and manikin-based training in the process of practical education, and 2) enables training in the risk management as when the patient's tongue moves suddenly, encouraged dental trainees effectively to understand the skill of clinical dentistry. Our further studies should be continued to complete the appropriate feedback system and to spread the range of simulation in dentistry. Less