Nuclear and Particle Physics Studied by Ultra Rare-process Nuclear Spectroscopy

迄今为止，实验核物理学的发展主要是利用加速器。核结构和核反应机理得到了广泛的研究。目前的天王星把重点放在高灵敏度的探测器上，而不是加速器上。因此，它的目的是探索灵敏度（探测器）的边界，而不是能量和强度的边界。天王星开启了粒子和核物理的新领域。它们是守恒定律，对称问题，基本相互作用，中微子物理，弱相互作用，速率禁止核过程，与天体物理学相关的罕见（小）核反应分支，暗物质及其与核子（夸克）的相互作用，等等。天王星的核物理和粒子物理已由几个独立的小组研究，并主要由两个讲习班总结。第一年，1993年11月15日至16日在神冈举行了“天王星研究的核物理和粒子物理”讲习班。第二年末，1995年3月8-9日在大阪大学RCNP举行的“核量子系统的对称性和守恒定律”研讨会对我们的工作进行了总结。

So far, experimental nuclear physics has been developped mainly by using accelerators. Nuclear structures and nuclear reaction mechanism have been extensively studied. The present URANUS puts emphasis on high sensitive detectors rather than accelerators. Thus it aims at exploring sensitivity(detector)frontiers rather than energy and intensity frontiers. URANUS opens new fields of particle and nuclear physics. They are conservation Laws, symmetry problems, fundamental interactions, neutrino physics, weak interactions, rate forbidden nuclear processes, rare(small)branches of nuclear reactions relevant to astrophysics, dark matters and their interaction with nucleons(quarks), and so on.Nuclear and particle physics by URANUS has been studied by several separated groups and summarized by mainly two workshop. In the first year the workshop on "Nuclear and Particle Physics Studied by URANUS" was held at Kamioka in Nov.15-16,1993. At the end of the second year, our work was summarized in the workshop on "Symmetries and Conservation Laws in Nuclear Quantum System" which was held at RCNP,Osaka University in March 8-9,1995.