A research or physiological and psychological responses of human beings to environmental conditi

诱发电位(EP)是当感觉刺激呈现给人时，在500ms内发生的大脑皮层反应。从它的产生机制来看，它反映了大脑对初级感觉信息的处理。听觉诱发电位的测量和分析使我们能够了解环境中的感觉信息与人的反应之间的关系，而不需要进行评估。首先，通过听觉诱发电位的测量和分析，研究了注意对声音知觉的影响。听觉诱发电位是在500毫秒内由听觉刺激诱发的脑电波的特征动作，其后面的成分据说与高级心理知觉过程有关。进行了两个实验。在第一个实验中，在闭眼条件下记录了6个强度的固定间隔粉红色噪声作为听觉刺激的AEP，在第二个实验中，记录了4个强度的随机I-…的AEP在睁眼状态下，从顶端也记录到更多的间歇性粉红色噪声。在每个实验中，设置了3个对刺激注意存在差异的听力条件。分析AEP后部特征峰N1、P2、N2成分的反应潜伏期及N1-P2、P2-N2成分的反应幅度。这两个实验的结果表明，刺激强度影响反应潜伏期和反应幅度，对刺激的注意影响P2-N2成分的反应幅度，刺激间隔的性质影响N1和P2成分的反应潜伏期。考虑到听觉诱发电位对声音知觉的客观暗示作用，这些结果表明，33 dBA的听觉诱发电位在不注意声音的情况下也能感知到很低的声音，可预测性和注意力对声音知觉的影响是不同的。此外，为了探讨习惯化对噪声知觉的影响，分析了对噪声刺激习惯化对反映中枢神经系统听觉信息加工的听觉诱发电位的影响。在实验中，通过隔音室中的扬声器反复向受试者呈现33、40、50、70分贝(A)的粉色噪声。在每个声压级(SPL)下进行一次试验大约需要10分钟。受试者被指示听噪声刺激(条件(A))，或做计算任务而不注意噪声(条件(B))。在试验的第一、中期和后期测量受试者的AEP。分析表明，与知觉量相对应的加工反应量受强度、注意、对听觉信息的习惯性及其交互作用的影响。在不注意听觉刺激的加工过程中，习惯化只发生在70分贝(A)，而在注意听的过程中，习惯化发生在50分贝(A)以上。较少

Evoked potential (EP) is a cortical response that occurs within 500 ms when sensory stimulus is presented to a person. Considering the mechanism of its generation, it reflects the primary sensory information processing in the brain. Measuring and analyzing EPs enables us to understand the relation between the sensory information in the environment and the person's response without leading him to evaluation.First of all, effect of attention on perception of sound was studied with measurement and analysis of auditory evoked potentials (AEPs). AEPs are characteristic movements of potential in brain waves that are evoked by auditory stimulus within 500 msec, and of which later elements are said to be concerned with advanced psychological process of perception. Two experiments were made. In the first experiment, AEPs to 6 intensities of constant interval pink noise as auditory stimulus were recorded from vertex under eye-closed condition, and in the second, AEPs to 4 intensities of random i … More nterval pink noise were also recorded from vertex under eye-opened condition. In each experiment, 3 hearing conditions which had differences in attention to stimulus were set up. Response latencies to characteristic peak in later elements of AEPs that were called N1, P2, and N2 components and response amplitudes of N1-P2 and P2-N2 components were analyzed. Results of these two experiments showed that intensity of stimulus affected both response latencies and response amplitudes, that attention to stimulus affected response amplitudes of P2-N2 components, and that the character of interstimulus interval affected response latencies of N1 and P2 components. Considering that AEPs objectively suggest perception of sound, these results indicate that very low level sound of 33 dBA is also perceived under the condition of working with little attention to sound, and that predictability and attention make different perception of sound.Furthermore, to obtain some suggestions about effects of habituation on perception of noise, effects of habituation to noise stimuli on auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) that reflect the auditory information processing in the central nervous system are analyzed. In the experiment, pink noise of 33,40,50,70 dB (A) was repeatedly presented to subjects through loudspeaker in the soundproof room. One trial at each sound pressure level (SPL) took about ten minutes. Subjects were indicated to listen to noise stimuli (Condition (A)), or to do the calculation task without attention to noise (Conditon (B)). AEPs were measured from a subject at first, middle and latter part of a trial. The analysis reveals that response quantity of processing that corresponds to perceptual quantity is affected by intensity, attention, habituation to auditory information, and their interaction. Habituation only occurs at 70 dB (A) in the processing when auditory stimuli are not attended to, however it occurs at 50 dB (A) and above when it is listened to with attention. Less