Genetic Resource and Ecological-Genetics of Wild Soybean

甘氨酸大麦。被认为是由野生大豆G.soja Sieb.埃特。祖克。这主要是在东亚增长的。野生大豆很容易与大豆品种杂交，被归为大豆亚属。大豆属的其他野生种从大豆亚属中分离出来。本次考察计划首先调查韩国、台湾和中国野生大豆的栖息地，然后阐明韩国大豆和中国野生大豆的遗传构成。东亚野生大豆资源调查综述如下：1)野生大豆在韩国和中国有广泛的分布。主要栖息地是一片荒地和一条大河。在韩国，观察到一些野生大豆是大豆栽培的杂草。2)对韩国大豆和中国大豆进行了同工酶等位基因分析。在韩国和中国西部观察到了较大的遗传多样性。3)对韩国野生大豆和中国野生大豆的叶绿体(Cp)和线粒体(Mt)基因组进行了RFLP分析，以阐明其细胞质遗传多样性。在野生大豆中观察到三种类型的cpDNA，即CPI、cpII和cpIII。品种型CPI在韩国略有观察，中国未见。CPII在朝鲜半岛和中国南部有观察到，在中国北部和东北部很少观察到。CpIII在韩国和中国被广泛发现。野生大豆线粒体DNA具有多种类型。最具优势的IVa广泛存在，品种IVb型在韩国偶有观察到，在中国南部也经常观察到。

Glycine max Merr. is considered to have evolved from the wild soybean G.soja Sieb. et. Zucc. which has grown mainly in East Asia. The wild soybean can hybridize easily with soybean cultivar and then has been classified in the same subgenus Soja as G.max. The other wild species of Glycine are separated from subgenus Soja. The present study tour was planned firstly to survey the habitat of wild soybean in Korea, Taiwan and China, and secondly to elucidate the genetic constitution of the G.soja in Korea and China. The East Asia surveys on the wild soybean were summarized as follows.1)G.soja was observed widely in Korea and China. Main habitats were a waste land and a bank of big river. In Korea some wild soybeans were observed as weed of soybean cultivations. G.formosana closely related to G.soja, and G.tabacina and G.tomentella were found locally in only Taiwan.2)G.soja of Korea and China were evaluated for isozyme allele. The large genetic diversity were observed in Korea and west China. Allelic frequencies of isozyme loci were scarcely found among the districts.3)RFLP analysis for chloroplast (cp) and mitochondrial (mt) genomes were carried out to elucidate for cytoplasmic genetic diversity of Korean and Chinese wild soybean. Three types, cpI,cpII and cpIII,of cpDNA were observed in wild soybean. The cultivar type cpI was observed slightly in Korea and not in China. The cpII was observed in Korea and southern China and rarely in north and northeast China. The cpIII was widely found in Korea and China. Many types were observed in mtDNA of wild soybean. The most dominant IVa was widely found and the cultivar type IVb was occasionally observed in Korea and frequently in south China.