Development of Macro Hydrologic Models based on Time and Space Distribution Characteristics of Hydrologic Variables

此研究项目aims to solve fundamental issues for the physically-based development of macro hydrologic models applicable to Atmospheric General Circulation Model （AGCM）。研究对象被提炼为以下两个主要子主题; （1）澄清水文循环中物理量的时间和空间特征;（2）开发方法来计算水文变量的大区域平均值。主要研究结果在每个子主题中汇总为后续;子主题（1）·流电荷和河流捕获大小之间的时间变化的关系。土壤湿度变化在一个捕获尺度中的特征学与另一个水的条纹进行比较。土壤流动在裸露土地上的空间分布特征及其数学功能的表达。雨水和地形之间的时间和空间特征关系.子主题（2）·使用彩虹观测和卫星数据在一个较大区域中的热量预算估计.监测世界主要河流盆地中的水文成分，并应用于大气水平衡方法。对每个热和水过程的非线性影响对物理量的大面积平均。关于短波辐射预算的宏观尺度建模，以考虑该区域的水文影响。以目标为导向的水文建模系统的发展。将流网络并入AGCM。

This research project aims to solve fundamental issues for the physically-based development of macro hydrologic models applicable to Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM). Research subjects are derived into the following two major sub-topics ; (1) to clarify time and space characteristics of physical quantities in the hydrologic cycle, and (2) to develop the methodology to compute large-arealmean values of hydrologic variables. Major research results are summarized in each sub-topic as follows ;Sub-topic (1)・relationship between time variation of stream discharge and river catchment size.・characteristics of soil moisture variation in a catchment scale in comparison with other water strages in the catchment.・spacial distribution characteristics of soil moisture in bare land and its expression by mathematical function.・relationship between time and space characteristics of rainfall and orography.Sub-topic (2)・estimation of heat budget in a large area using rawinsonde observation and satellite data.・monitoring of hydrologic components in major river basin of the world by application of atmospheric water balance method.・effects of non-linearity of each thermal and hydrologic process upon large-areal averaging of physical quantities.・macro-scale modelling of short-wave radiation budget considering orographic effects in the region.・development of Object-oriented Hydrological Modelling System.・incorporation of stream networks into AGCM.