Characteristics Analysis on Vertical Behavior of both Water and Materiales across Modiaof Earth Surface

这项研究的重点是……(1)水分在降雨、入渗和蒸发过程中的行为受不同土地利用条件的影响。观察其长期和短期疗效。(2)解释了大阪湾缺氧水上升流现象的形成过程。利用现场观测资料和数值模拟方法，研究了东京湾风生流与AOSHIO生成机制的关系。(3)通过实验和计算研究了地下水挥发速率与地下水流速之间的关系。并通过实验研究了影响地下水向多孔介质挥发的一些因素。(4)利用激光测速仪对明渠水流的三维湍流结构进行了研究，建立了实验数据数据库。对自由表面附近的旋涡行为进行了分析。(5)…混合过程中的对流力学通过对水温变化的七次观测，了解了更多的储集层。研究了内波和反水层特性的影响。(6)采用化学和生物非活性气体(SF_6)进入室外实验水池，研究了水-大气界面的气体交换。将该方法应用于鹿儿湖和琵琶湖，对其碳循环和代谢特征进行了评价。(7)采用采样法研究了土壤表面蒸发作用下砂柱中盐分的积累过程。计算结果可以解释温度、含水率、溶质浓度分布和蒸散率的时间变化，并可以模拟盐分的积累。(8)建立了反映降雨截留过程的水槽模型，用于估算森林蒸发量和蒸腾量。模型估算的蒸发量与根据总降雨量、树干径流和穿透雨资料计算的雨水收支的实际蒸发量基本一致。较少

This research puts emphasis on ..... (1) Behaviors of water in processes of rainfall, permeation and evaporation were caught by differences from condition of land use. The long and short term effects were investigated. (2) The processes of upwelling phenomena of anoxic water in Osaka Bay were explained. In Tokyo Bay, the relation between the wind-driven current and the generation mechanism of 'AOSHIO' was researched by some field observation data and numerical simulations. (3) The relation between the rate of volatilization and the velocity of groundwater was investigated by using some experiments and calculations. And some factors which affect the volatilization from groundwater to porous media were researched by using some experiments. (4) The 3-dimensional turbulent structure of flow in open channel was investigated by using LDV,and Database of experimental data was constructed. The behavior of vortex near freesurface was made clear. (5) Mechanics of convection, in mixing process of … More reservoir was made clear by seven times observation of changes of the water temperature. Effects of internal wave and behavior of reversal water layr were investigated. (6) Gas exchanges across the water-atomosphere interface was researched by using chemical and biological non-active gas (SF_6) into the outdoor experimental ponds. This method was applied to Kasumigaura and Biwa Lake, and the carbon cycles and metabolic characteristics were evaluated. (7) The processes of the salt accumulation in a sand column due to the evapolation from the soil surface were reserched by using the sampling method. The computation could explain the time changes of temperature, moisture content, solute concentration profiles and evapolation rate, and could model the salt accumulation. (8) The tank model which represents rainfall interception process was developed for estimating forest evaporation apart from transpiration. Evaporation estimated by the model agrees with the actual evaporation obtained by the rainwater budget based on gross rainfall, stemflow and throughfall data. Less