STUDY ON ARCHIIECTURES AND CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES OF OPTICAL COMPUTERS

本研究的目的是提出一种结合光学信息处理与电子技术的新型光电并行信息处理系统体系结构，并构建其原型系统。研究结果如下：(1)提出了一种新的光学并行计算技术——视觉编码技术（VACT），充分利用了图像处理过程中信息的可视化。我们考虑用光学方法实现所提出的VACT，并构建了一个实际的实验系统。实验了基于形态学的光学并行模糊处理和并行视觉图像处理。实验结果表明了VACT的有效性。VACT是一种光学并行计算技术，它将图像信息不仅用作符号，而且用作有意义的信号。VACT将是未来信息社会中开发可视化人机界面的一项有用的关键技术。(2) W . More提出了一种新的光学/电子并行计算系统体系结构，称为光学阵列逻辑网络计算（optical Array Logic Network computing）。OAL-NC是一种新的并行计算系统体系结构，它通过电子方法实现局部并行处理，通过光学方法实现全局并行处理和信号互连。我们考虑了两种实现al - nc的方法，即PLD（可编程逻辑器件）和MPE（多进程实施）方法。在比较了两种方法的处理能力后，我们构建了MPE型的原型系统，该系统可以用简单的硬件构建，有望成为未来的并行处理系统。在原型系统中，电子处理部分装有16台T-425变频器和16x16处理元件，实现16x16像素的并行处理。我们构建了光处理元件、PD和LED阵列以及并行控制电路之间的接口。电子部分的数据传输速率可达150 Kframe/sec，各转发器之间的数据传输时间为126.1 mus。这些值足以评价光学和电子协同处理的能力。我们还设计了一个多离散相关器光学系统，并搭建了一个实际系统。(3)我们开发了一种新的自动镜头设计算法，改进了ALSIE （automatic lens design using不等式）算法，用于设计多个成像系统。在该算法中，我们采用波前像差作为自动镜头设计的判据。利用所开发的算法，设计了用于多离散相关器的GRIN透镜阵列。少

Purposes of this research are to propose a new system architecture of optical/electronical parallel information processing system, combining optical information processing and electronic technology and to construct its prototype system. Results of the research are as follows :(1) We proposed the new optical parallel computing technique called the visual-coding technique (VACT), making good use of visualization of information in the course of image processing. We considered the optical method realizing the proposed VACT and constructed an actual experimental system. We experiment optical parallel fuzzy processing and parallel visual image processing based on mophology. Experimental results showed usefulness of the VACT.VACT is the optical parallel computing technique in which image information is utilized not only as the symbol but also as meaningful signals. VACT would be an useful key technology for developing the visual man-machine interface in the information society in future.(2) W … More e proposed a new architecture of optical/electronical parallel computing system called OAL-NC (Optical Array Logic Network Computing). OAL-NC is the new architecture of parallel computing system in which localized parallel processing is attained by an electronical method and global parallel processing and signal interconnections are implemented by an optical method. We considered two implementing methods realizing OAL-NC,that is, PLD (Programmable Logic Device) and MPE (Multi-Process Enbodiment) methods. After comparing processing capabilities of both methods, we constructed the prototype system of MPE type which would be promising as a future parallel processing system and capable of constructing with simple hardwares. In the prototype system, 16 transputers T-425 and 16x16 processing elements are equipped with in electronical processing portion so as to process 16x16 pixels in parallel. We constructed interfaces among optical processing elements, PD and LED arrays, and parallel control circuits. Data transfer rate of 150 Kframe/sec in the electronic portion, and data transferring time of 126.1 mus among transputers are attained. These values are enough to evaluate abilities of cooperative processing by optics and electronics. We also designed an optical system of multiple-discrete correlator and constructed an actual system.(3) We developed a new automatic lens design algorithm modifying ALSIE (Automatic Lens Design using Inequalities) for designing multiple imaging systems. In this algorithm, we adopt wave-front aberrations as criterions in the course of automatic lens designing. Using the developed algorithm, we designed GRIN lens array for a multiple-discrete correlator. Less