Study on marine animal behavior by micro-data tag

为了研究海洋动物的行为，我们研制了微型数据记录仪，将其安装在动物的背部，测量潜水深度、环境温度、盐度、游泳速度、加速度运动、心率和光照水平，并对港湾鼠海豚、海雀、鸬鹚、王企鹅、红海龟和鲑鱼进行了野外实验。这些研究中使用的数据记录器直径为14 mm和19 mm，长度为75 mm。在一台数据记录仪上安装两个或三个传感器，在同一时间尺度上同时测量多个参数。虽然数据的详细处理和分析仍在进行中，但我们可以从初步分析中获得以下几个独特的发现。港湾鼠海豚不断地潜入水中，而不需要延长浮出水面的时间。当他们连续潜水时，他们有两种类型的潜水剖面，浅和深。潜水时保持较低的代谢率（18mlO_2/m）.海雀，500克体重，潜水2-3分钟，达到50米的深度。这个潜水时间远远超过了它计算的有氧潜水极限。根据研究结果，我们推测，海雀，较小的潜水鸟类发展的生理潜水适应，以减少增加乳酸的影响。在0- 150 m范围内，鲑类表现出频繁的垂直运动，有时会通过游向更深的沃茨来避开温暖的沃茨。这也表明，淡水区不再是障碍，当他们从海水到河流。

To investigate behavior of marine animals, we developed the micro-data loggers which is deployed on the back of the animals to measure dive depth, ambient temperature, salinity, swim velocity, acceleration movement, heart rate and light level.We conducted the field experiment on harbor porpoises, auklets, cormorants, king penguins, loggerhead turtles and chum salmons. Those data loggers used in these studies were 14mm and 19mm in diameter and, 75mm in length. Two or three sensors were equipped on a single data logger to measure several parameters simultaneously in the same time scale.Although detailed processing and analysis of data is still under going, we could obtained several unique findings from preliminary analysis as followings.1. Harbor porpoises dived continuously without taking any extended surface time. While their continuous diving, they had two type of dive profiles, shallow and deep. They also maintained low metabolic rate during diving (18ml O_2/m).2. Auklet, 500g body mass, dived for 2-3 minutes and reached 50m depth. This dive duration was far exceeded it's calculated aerobic dive limit. From the results we hypothesized that auklet, smaller diving birds developed physiological dive adaptation to diminish effect of increased lactic acids.3. Chum salmons showed frequent vertical movement ranging 0-150m, and sometimes avoid the warm temperature waters by swimming deeper waters. It also showed that fresh water zone was no longer barrier when they went up to the river from sea water.