DEVELOPMENT OF A CURRICULUM MODEL OF PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSING

本研究的目的是了解日本护理教育中精神科心理健康护理的现状，并建立新的精神科心理健康护理课程模式。首先，回顾了自1950年S以来美英两国的护理教育文献，发现精神科心理健康护理存在着专业性和基础性的主要分裂。前者认为它是一个特殊的护理领域，需要特定的知识和技能，而后者则把它视为一个基础领域，它与普通护理中的其他领域具有共同的知识和技能。其次，对日本21所护理学院进行了问卷调查，结果发现调查结果有相似的趋势；其次，对13名大学教授进行了访谈，发现他们的教育背景和专业背景各不相同，对精神卫生护理的看法也不尽相同，如…然后对日本各护理学校进行了广泛的调研，并用计算机软件HALBOU对结果进行了分析。结果表明，精神科心理健康护理的内容有6个要素，并将这些要素分解为单独的教学内容。缺乏将人际关系的理解与精神科护理实践相结合的理论框架。还建议聘请精神科护理专家作为专职教师，因为课堂上所教授的内容与教师的职业生涯和教育背景有很强的相关性，护理教育法规对每一所似乎不适合精神科服务的学校都产生了强烈的影响，从临终关怀到社区护理和新兴的护理角色发生了剧烈的变化。因此，必须提出一种新的精神科心理健康护理理念，不仅在理论上，而且在实践上也能适用于当前的精神科心理健康护理服务。最后，研究者提出了一个基于客体关系理论的理论模型。较少

The objectives of this research was to identify the current status of psychiatric mental health nursing in the Japanese nursing education and to establish a new curriculum model of psychiatric mental health nursing. Firstly the literatures on the nursing education in USA and Britain since 1950's were reviewed and it was found that there has been the major splitting in the psychiatric mental health nursing : special' and fundamental'. The former regard it as a special nursing area which needs specific knowledge and skills while the latter regards it as a fundamental area which has common knowlege and skills which are shared with other areas in general nursing. Secondly the questionnaires which were sent to 21 nursing colleges in Japan and a similar tendency was found in the results.Then interviews with 13 college professor were made which reveal the wide varieties of their educational and professional backgrounds and their opinions about the psychiatric mental health nursing varied acco … More rdingly.Then the extensive research of all Japanese nursing schools was curried out and the answers were analyzed by computer software HALBOU.The result indicated there were six elements in the contents of psychiatric mental health nursing and those elements were disintegrated and taught separately. And the lack of theoretical framework which could integrate the understanding of human relations and psychiatric nursing practice became clear. It was also suggested that the experts of psychiatric nursing should be employed as a full-time teachers because the strong relations were found between what was taught in the class and the professional careers and educational backgrounds of the teachers.And it was also found that the statutory regulations of nursing education strongly effected upon the every school which did not seem apropriate for the psychiatric services changing drastically from the hosptal-based to the community-based and newly developing roles of nursing. So a new concept of psychiatric mental health nursing which can be applied to the current psychiatric mental health nursing services not only theoretically but also practically must be emerged. Finally the researchers presented a theoretical model based on the object relations theories. Less