Studies on the Genesis and Development of the Legal and Scientific Concepts of Law of Nature and Their Philosophical Significances

通过1994年至1996年的研究，我们取得了以下主要成果：片柳教授从《圣经》诠释学的角度阐明了《旧约》的宗教法律思想与古代以色列人的许多民族苦难经历密切相关。横山教授通过对文献资料的分析发现，柏拉图主义从古典时代末期到世纪沙特雷斯学派的历史发展，对自然法科学概念的确立起了重要作用。樱井教授通过对R.坎伯兰的主要著作《论自然哲学》（De Legibus Naturae Disquisitio Philosophica）（1672）的细致研究，说明了这一点。宗方教授对从17世纪上半叶的笛卡尔到18世纪中期的卢梭的各种自然法思想进行了概括，并从历史的角度说明了它们之间错综复杂的相互关系三浦教授开创性地研究了伊斯兰世界对自然科学规律的宗教态度的历史发展，揭示了现代伊斯兰对西方现代科学的反应与传统伊斯兰态度的联系。山崎教授通过对当代堕胎和安乐死的法律的争论的详细分析，阐明了在各种宗教信仰中隐藏着一些基于自然规律的思想。水谷教授关注个人计算机的迅速普及所带来的当代计算机伦理问题，并通过对一些刑事诉讼的分析表明，传统的法律的应对方法基于与法律上确定的旧案件的类比，带来了许多困惑。

By prosecuting this research project from 1994 to 1996, we, the participants in it, obtained the following main results,Prof. Katayanagi made it clear from the viewpoint of Scriptual hermeneutics that the religio-legal thought of the Old Scriptures war closely interrelated with many national severe experiences of the Israelites of antiquityProf. Yokoyama found through the analysis of documentary evidence that the historical development of Platonism from the end of the classical antiquity to the school of Chartres of the twelfth century playd an important role in establishing the scientific concept of law of nature.Prof. Sakurai showed by a betailed study of the chief book of R.Cumberland entitled De Legibus Naturae Disquisitio Philosophica (1672) that his thought on the laws of nature reflected remarkably the social interests of the English Establishment of his age.Prof. Munakata made a general survey of various thoughts on the laws of nature from Descartes of the first half of the seventeenth century to Rousseau of the middle of the eighteenth century and explained their intricate mutual relations from the point of history of philosophy.Prof. Miura made a pioneering study of the historical development of the religious attitudes in the Islamic World toward the scientific laws of nature and showed that modern Islamic responses to Western modrn science was connected with traditional Islamic attitudes.Prof. Yamazaki made it clear through a detailed analysis of contemporary legal controversies on abortion and Euthanasia that some thoughts based on natural laws are hidden in various life-ethical attitudes.Prof. Mizutani paid his attention to contemporary computer-ethical problems resulting from the extremely rapid popularization of personal computers and showed through an analysis of some criminal suits that many confusions are brought about by the traditonal legal responses based on the analogy with legally established old cases.