模型飛行機材と航空写真技術を用いた積雪観測法の開発

由于难以通过爬上屋顶来测量雪荷载的强度和分布，因此没有足够的屋顶雪荷载数据用于结构设计。本研究提出一种利用航空摄影测量屋顶雪荷载的有效而精确的方法。在以往的研究中，作者阐明了以飞机为主的航空摄影测量屋顶积雪的测量精度，并指出了这种方法用于积雪测量的可能性。然而，航测包机价格昂贵，用户不能自己操作飞机或相机，这是不方便的。为了解决这一问题，作者研制了以风筝气球为摄影机载体的航空摄影测量技术，并与以飞机为载体的情况进行了比较，分析了风筝气球系统和无人直升机系统的测量精度，并对风筝气球系统和无人直升机系统的测量精度进行了比较。 ...更多信息 由于气球上悬挂的照相机的质量与飞机上的照相机不同，因此讨论了电子战系统。1）通过对飞机、风筝气球和模型直升机三种航空摄影方式的对比分析，发现三种航空摄影方式各有所长。因此，用户应根据场地的地理条件、物体的周围环境、观测的总次数或持续时间，2）风筝气球航摄系统测量精度允许，性价比最高，可以用于屋顶积雪深度的测量在实际应用中，使用偏振片作为防光晕措施的效果最好，因为这种方法可以在几乎任何阳光条件下避免光晕的产生，并且不限制拍摄时间。4）利用该系统研究了大型建筑物屋顶的雪深分布，并讨论了平均风向的影响。少

Sufficient data on roof snow loads for structural design are not available because there is difficulty in measuring the intensity and distribution of snow load by climbing onto roofs. This research develoiped an efficient and accurate method for surveying roof snow loads by adopting an aerial photogramtry. In the previous study, the authors had clarified the measurement accuracy of aerial photogramtry using mainly airplane for surveying roof snow and had shown the probability of this merthod for snow survey. A chartered flight for aerial survey, however, is very expensive and it is inconvenient that users can not operate the airplane nor camera by themselves. Therefore the authors developed the aerial photogramtry using a kite balloon as a carrier of camera in order to solve these problems.In the study, the performances of the kite balloon system and unmanned-radio control helicopter system were compared with the case using airplane as the carrier, and the measurement accuracy of the n … More ew systems was discussed because the quality of the camera hanged on the balloon was different from that on airplane. The results are as follows :1) The results of comparison among the features of aerial photography usig airplane, kite balloon and model helicopter, showed that the advantages of three different aircrafts made up disadvantages of each other. Therefore, users should properly select the best system in consideration of geographical conditions of a site, surroundings of a object, total number or duration of observations, expenses for measurements and so on.2) The kite balloon aerial photography system is enough for practical use to survey roof snow depths because the measurement accuracy is allowable and the cost performance was the best among the three systems.3) The way of using a polaroid filter as the counterplan against halation shows the best performance in practical use because this way can avoid occurring halation for almost any sunlight conditions and does not restrict the photographing within limited time.4) The distributions of snow depths on roofs of large buildings were investigated by the se systems and were discussed on effect of average wind direction. Less