Study on the Architectural Idea of Paul Thillich and the Theory of Protestant Church Architecture

我致力于澄清保罗·蒂利希（Paul Thillich, 1886-1965）的建筑和视觉艺术（美术）理论的各个方面，他是20世纪最具代表性的神学家之一，被称为文化神学家，通过仔细审查他的著作，论文和讲座，作为我研究新教教堂建筑理论的中心主题。本文从严格正确把握蒂利希文化理论的基本概念入手，详细追溯“宗教与文化的本质归属原则”，探讨了蒂利希“宗教意味着最终的关注”的存在主义态度。然后，我指出了他的观点，即神权统治高于自主和他律，Gehalt（实质、进口、深度）高于Inhalt（内容）和形式。在这样做的过程中，我明确了在日语和英语中对德语单词“Gehalt…More”的各种翻译中令人烦恼的混淆，这是他的文化理论中最重要的概念之一。在他看来，生命是通过形式中介的内容来把握和表达的。接下来，我展示了他对风格意义的理解——在主题（内容）-形式-风格的三重关系中——在包括建筑在内的视觉艺术中；也就是说，风格以一种个体的形式来表现人格，而在艺术作品中，终极存在的终极意义和体验都在风格中表达出来。据此，即使是通常被称为表面艺术的那种艺术，也能够具有宗教性。他认为仅仅是“表现主义”或“表现主义”的艺术才是真正的宗教艺术。他说，表现主义表现艺术所表达的不是情感的主观性，而是通过突破事物和表象的表面来暴露现实的深度。我没有时间详细讨论教堂建筑的空间。最重要的概念无疑是“虚空”。教堂建筑的新教空间必须保持高度整洁。认识到教堂建筑必须融合“奉献”和“诚实”两大原则，并重视“诚实”这一现代建筑的特征，我们应该体现宗教空间中始终不可或缺的“奉献”的建筑自然空间。我也在继续考虑建造教堂，与牧师和教堂建筑师讨论，但我还没有发表更全面的成果。少

I have endevoured to clarify the total aspects of theory of architecture and visual arts (fine arts) of Paul Thillich (1886-1965), one of the most representative theologians of 20th Century, who is called a theologian of culture, by carefully scrutinizing his writings, essaya and lectures, as the central theme of my study of architectural theory on Protestant church. Begining with grasping strictly and correctly the fundamental concepts in his theory of culture, and tracing in detail "the principle of essential belongingness of religion and culture to each other", I have discussed Thillich's existential attitude that "Religion means being ultimately concerned". And then, I have indicated his opinion of the dominance of theonomy over autonomy and heteronomy, the dominance of Gehalt (substance, import, depth) over Inhalt (content) and form. In doing so, I have made clear troublesome confusions in the variouse translation into Japanese as well as into English, of the a German word "Gehalt … More " which is one of the most essential concepts in his theory of culture. In his view, Gehalt is grasped and expressed, by content being mediated by form. Next, I have showed his understanding of the meaning of style--in the triplet of subject (content) -form-style--in the visual arts including architecture ; that is, style exoresses Gehalt in a individual form, and in the works of arts, the ultimate meaning and the experience of the ultimate being are expressed in the style. In accordance with it, even the kind of art which is usually called proface, be able to be religious. He considers a just "expressionistic" or "expressive" art as a truly religious art. He says that what is expressed in a expressionistic-expressive art is not emotional subjectivity, the depth of reality is exposed by breaking through the surface of thinngs and appearance. I did not have time to disscuss, in detail, on space of church architecture. The most important concept is surely "heilige Leere"(sacsed emptiness). The Protestant space of church building must be heilig eleere. Recognizing two principles--consecrationand honesty--which must be integratedin church architecture, and being much concerned with honesty that is a characteristic of Modern architecture, we ought to embody architect ural space of consecration that is alwaysessential of religious space. I am also continuing the consideration on built church, diss-cussing with priests and church architects, but I have not yet published the fuller accomp-lishments. Less