Basic Reseach about the soil Moisture Movement and the Mechanizm of Soil Moisture Extraction in the Soil Layr of Upland Field

1.覆膜降低土壤耗水量的试验研究田间试验表明，用新材料纸质地膜覆盖土壤表面，可降低土壤耗水量。明确了复盖面积与土壤耗水的关系，验证了复盖反映了有效降雨量。温室用水试验研究在位于呼鲁川镇的岐阜州农科所温室内，通过种植试验、小锅水面蒸发量和温室内外气象资料，对菠菜和西红柿的消耗进行了测定。并建立了利用温室外气象数据预测温室用水量的方法。自动灌溉系统在温室中的应用试验为了节省灌溉和水资源的人力，我开发了自动灌溉系统，将土壤吸力控制在适合植物生长的一定范围内。研制了三种类型的自动灌溉系统，分析了这些系统在试验田块应用中存在的问题。第一种系统通过张力计测量土壤吸力来检测灌溉开始和停止的时间，并自动控制灌溉管道中电动阀门的开关；第二种系统通过张力计测量土壤吸力来检测农田必须灌溉的时间，并自动打开电动阀门，灌溉一定时间后自动关闭阀门。第三种系统通过电导法测量土壤吸力来检测农田必须灌溉的时间，并打开电动阀门。并在灌水一定时间后关闭阀门。

1. Experimental study on the decrease of soil moisture consumption by covering soil surface with mulching boardThe field experiment shows that the soil moisture consumption decreases by covering the soil surface with the mulching board made of new material paper. The relation between the mulching baord area and the soil moisture consumption is clarifaied, and then we check the mulching reflects the effective rainfall.2. Experimental study on the consumptive use of water in green houseIn the green house of Gifu prefecture agricultural institute located at Hurukawa town, we measured the consumptive use of spinage and tomato by planting experiment, evaporation from water surface in small pan and meteorological data inside and outside of green house. And we established the method to predict the consumptive use of water in the greenhouse from the meteorological data outside the green house.3. Application test of automatical irrigation system in green houseFor saving the labor of irrigation and water resource, I developed the automatical irrigation systems that control the soil moisture suction between a certain range suitable for plant growth. I made three types of automatical irrigation systems as folows and claryfied the problems for applicating these systems to test fields.The first system detects the time when irrigation starts and stops by measuring the soil moisture suctions by the tensiometer and controls the switch of electric valve in irrigation pipe automatically.The second system detects only the time when the field must be irrigated by measuring the soil moisture suction by tensiometer and opens the electric valve automatically, and closes the valve after irrigating for a given time.The third system detects only the time when the field must be irrigated by measuring the soil moisture suction by electric conductivity method and opens the electric valve, and closes the valve after irrigating for a given time.