日本人高校生の米国留学成果(国際的資質と英語力の獲得)に関する基礎的研究

本研究的主要目的是1）分析如何客观地衡量语言能力，外向性（作为外向行为倾向、社交性和健谈性的整体心理指标）等个体变量和情境变量影响留美日本高中生的跨文化适应，2）通过一年的留学经历分析英语交际能力的发展方面。参与者是139名在美国学习一年的高中生及其寄宿家庭。在他们离开之前和逗留期间进行了一系列问卷调查和测试。通过对16名留学生在出国前和回国后的口头访谈，运用因子分析、多元回归分析和路径分析等方法对数据进行统计分析，得出以下结论：1）英语水平对留学生的主人评价适应性有显著的预测作用。2)外向性是几乎所有自我评价的适应措施，包括与美国人的友谊，与寄宿家庭和学校工作的关系满意度最强的预测。3)“主动交谈”和“表达自己的情绪/意图”的社交技能在促进调整和提高满意度方面发挥着重要作用。4)在美国，外向性而不是英语水平与学生的社会技能表现有关。5)对16名学生的口语样本进行详细分析后发现，他们在海外逗留前后的“犹豫”有显著差异。结果发现，学生们在面试后说话的速度几乎是他们在出发前面试时的两倍。这一变化的很大一部分是由于未填充停顿的数量减少。

The main objectives of this research are 1) to analyze how objectively measured language competence, extroversion (as a holistic psychological indicator of outgoing behavioral tendency, sociability and talkativeness) and some other individual and situational variables affect the intercultural adjustment of Japanese high school students studying in America, and 2) to analyze the developmental aspects of English communicative competence through a year's overseas study experience. Participants were 139 high school students studying in the United States for one year and their host families. A series of questionnaires and tests were conducted before their departure and during their sojourn. Oral interviews were conducted with 16 students before departure and after they returned.Through a combination of statistical analyzes of the data including factor analyzes multiple regression analyzes and path analyzes, the following results were obtained : 1) English proficiency was the significant predictor of host-rated adjustment. 2) Extroversion was the strongest predictor for almost all the self-rated measures of adjustment including satisfaction with friendship with Americans, relationship with host family and school work. 3) Social skills of "taking intiative to talk, " and "expressing one's emotions/intentions" play an important role in faciliataing adjustment and increasing satisfaction. 4) Extroversion, not English proficiency is related to the students' performance of social skills in America. 5) The past overseas experiences, if longer than a week, facilitate adjustment.Detailed analyzes of the spoken speech samples of the 16 students showed a significant difference in "hesitation" before and after the sojourn. It was found that the students spoke in the post interview almost twice as fast as they had in the pre-departure interview. A large part of this change is accounted by the reduction in the amount of unfilled pauses.