Ecological and Molecualr Biological Relationship among the Populations of Dendrocopos Kizuki

日本侏儒啄木鸟，Dendrocopos kizuki，栖息在日本列岛周围大小不一的孤岛上。本研究在东京市伊豆群岛的秩父岛、三宅岛、南西群岛的奄美大岛和冲和岛采集了小啄木鸟的测量数据和血液样本，通过对小啄木鸟种群数量的比较，试图为森林和动物群落的保护提供有益的启示。我还拍了照片来分析羽毛图案。血液用于DNA多态性分析，主岛和小岛上似乎存在着大小分离的纬度渐变群。南西群岛种群的翅型较尖。这些都是可以理解的结果取决于生态学和这种啄木鸟的进化历史中的几个因素。作为DNA多态性分析的目标，我曾经决定使用mtDNA的D-loop和细胞色素b测序，但还没有出现好的引物，我现在正在重新考虑使用微卫星，MHC和其他目标，也希望分析Dendrocopos canicapillus和D. Minor的近缘种的关系。我也会提到居住在日本各地的独特种群，如D.leucotos和Zooothera major。通过居群间的遗传交换和居群内的遗传多样性，进一步揭示了木铃木木铃木的起源及其在物种历史上的动态。这将有助于我们对森林生物多样性的了解。

Japanese Pygmy Woodpecker, Dendrocopos kizuki, inhabits in various size and variously isolated islands around Japanese archipelago. This study tries to find a good hints in conserving forests and animal communities with the comparison of this woodpecker's populations, for the woodpeckers' life depends greatly on the trees.I have collected the measurements and blood samples of this small woodpecker at Chichibu, Miyake Island of Izu Archipelago, Amami-oshima and Okinwa island of Nansei Archipelago, Tokyo city. I also took photographs to analyze plumage pattern. Blood is for DNA polymorphism analyzes.There seemed to be separated latitudinal cline in size on main islands and small islands. The wing shape of the populations on Nansei Archepelago was rather sharper. These are understandable as the results depending on several factors in ecology and evolutionary history of this woodpecker. The data, however, is too small to analyze those hypotheses.As the targer of DNA polymorphism analyzes, I once decided to use the sequencing in D-loop and cytochrome-b of mt DNA,but there has not yet appeared a good primers for it. I am now reconsidering to use microsattelites, MHC,and other targets.It will be also desirable to analyze the relationships including the close relative species of Dendrocopos canicapillus and D.Minor. I will also refer the unique populations inhabiting around Japan, such as D.leucotos and Zoothera major. It is farther subject of this study to show the origin of D.kizuki and the dynamics in the species history through genetic exchange among populations and genetic diversity within the populations. It should contribute our understanding on organism diversity in the forest.