Syethetic Researches on the NIYA Ruins in Soulthem Way of Anicent Silk Road, Chinese Central Asia

* 1995年的调查* 1995年，对NIYA遗址进行了四个领域的调查。四个领域的工作是：(1)利用gps仪器寻找尼雅遗址的分布及其定位。(2) N.2的三处民居遗址的发掘，该遗址由19座房屋组成的圆形村庄。(3)木制乐器与天然树木的研究。在日本进行化学分析。(4) Niya遗址以南30公里的Khapaq村住宅建筑研究。中方在开展主动行动中取得的其他良好成果是，在5号遗址的小寺庙废墟中恢复了残缺的佛像和菩萨的墙壁彩绘。更大的成功是在尼雅北部地区发现了墓地。那个墓地里有八具棺材，其中一些被认为是王子和贵族们埋葬的。珍贵的文物，如木乃伊、锦缎、镜子和其他……更多的器皿在里面被发现。他们正在与中国合作调查。* 1996年的调查*在1996年，我们分两次进行项目。8月17日至23日，一行被派往中国乌鲁木齐，在新疆文物考古研究所和新疆维吾尔自治区博物馆对尼雅遗址遗址进行了考察。另一方于10月4日至11月5日对中国尼雅遗址进行了考察。前者是三位学者对文物木器研究、汉锦研究和其他文物研究的调查。后者是由13名日本成员和15名中国成员合作进行的四个领域的尼雅遗址调查。;(1)利用gps仪器搜索尼雅遗址分布及其定位。(2)基于Spot-satellite拍摄的照片，提前测量绘制尼雅全图。(3)对N.13、N.14遗址及其周边地区进行全面调查。(4)在N.5废墟中发掘出一座古庙。这是对四个领域的调查。重要的成果随之而来。(1)在距今约45公里的尼雅遗址北部发现了青铜时代的新遗址。在尼雅遗址最南部地区发现了一处水泥地和一处似椭圆形古堡的废墟。N.13和N.14东侧的一大片地区被确定为许多古代工厂的聚集地，那里曾生产铁、铜和珠等。这可能是丝绸之路上尼雅古镇的典型特征。这项调查将在今年以后作为一项连续工作进行。(3)在N.5古庙遗址中发现了8尊木质浮雕佛像，雕刻在4块木片的两侧。其中一些浮雕表面可以看到淡淡的佛像黑线。那里也有一些壁画。少

*The investigation in 1995*In 1995, The investigation of NIYA site was carried out on four fields.The works of four fields are (1) A searching for distribution of ruins in Niya site and their positi-oning with G.P.S.instruments. (2) An excavation in three residencial ruins of N.2 wh-ich consists of a circled hamlet of nineteen fouses. (3) A research for wooden instrments and natural trees.And their sampling for chemical analyzes in Japan. (4) Architectural researchs for residences in Khapaq village, south of Niya site for 30km distant.Other good results achived by Chinese party in doing initiative, are that fragm-entary wall color paintings of buddha-images and bodhisattva-images had been recovered from small temple ruin of N.5 site. And a more great success is that a discocery of cemetery in northen place of Niya. That cemetery had contained eight coffins, some of them are regarded as princes and nobles have been buried in.Excellent relices such as mummies, brocades, mirror, and other … More utnesils have been turned out in them.They are under investigations in cooperation with China.*The Investigation in 1996*In 1996, Our Projects were carried out in two times. One party was dispatched to Urumuqi, Chi-na at August, from 17th to 23th, and the members investigated the relics of Niya sites at the Cultural RelicArcha eology Institute of Xinjing and the Xinjang Uigur Autonomous Region Museum. The other party madeexpediation into Niya sites, China, and there the investigation has been carried out from October 4th upto November 5th.The former was the investigation of relics on wood research, Han Brocades research, and other relics research by three scholars.The latter was the investigation of Niya site carried out on four fields with cooperation of thirteen Japanese members and fifteen Chinese members. ; (1) A searching for distribution of ruins in Niya site and their positioning with G.P.S.instruments. (2) A surverying in advance to make the whole map of Niya based on Spot-satellite's photos. (3) A complete surveying of N.13, N.14 ruins and their around area.(4) An excavation in N.5 ruin whict was an ancient temple. These are the investigation on four fields. The important fruits are following.(1) (i) A discovery of new ruins dating back of bronze age in north place from Niya site about 45km distantanc.(ii) A discovery of a cementry and a ruin seemed as an old castle in the shape of elipse at the most southen area of Niya site.(2) A vast area of east side of N.13 and N.14 was identified as a zone of many ancient manufactories where had produced iron, copper and bead etc. It might have been typical of this ancient town of Niya on the silk road. This investigation will be carried out as a continuous work after this year.(3) Form N.5 site of an ancient temple ruin, eight wooden Buddha images in relief have been recovered, which were carved on both sides of four wooden pieces. Some of them, faint black lines of buddha image are seen on the surface of relif. Some wall-paintings were turned out there too. Less