Origin of Matter and Evolution of the Early Universe and Galaxies

这个为期三年的项目的科学目的是研究物质的起源以及从大爆炸到现在的宇宙、星系和恒星的演化。我们成立了四个小组，以便在这样一个跨学科研究计划中进行高效和高质量的科学活动。他们是(1)宇宙学(关于早期宇宙)、(2)天文学(关于星系和星系团)、(3)核天体物理(关于恒星)和(4)核物理(关于核合成)的研究小组。每个小组的成员都是天文学、粒子物理和核物理学会的天文学家和物理学家的混合体。主要研究内容包括：(1)宇宙电弱和QCD相变与对称性破缺、重生、非均匀时空结构的形成和大爆炸核合成(在宇宙学组)，(2)星系和星团的形成和演化，星系的化学动力学演化，引力透镜效应，来自星团和超新星的X射线和伽马射线的观测，以及高红移类星体和原始星系的观测(在天文学组)，(3)超新星和新星的爆炸性核合成，中子星和黑洞的结构和形成，宇宙射线的起源，行星系统的形成，以及(4)爆炸核合成、恒星热核反应、高能散裂反应及其实验中核物质在高密度和高温下的基本核过程的状态方程(核物理组)。我们每年都非常频繁地组织讨论会议，以总结研究成果并重组小组。我们还每年组织一次国际研讨会，讨论这些产品并接受国际外部评价。

The scientific purpose of this three year project was to study the origin of matter and the evolution of the Universe, galaxies and stars from the Big-Bang to present time. We formed four groups in order to make efficient and high-quality scientific activities in such an interdesciplinary research program. They are the research groups of (1) cosmology (on the early Universe), (2) astronomy (on galaxies and clusters), (3) nuclear astrophysics (on stars), and (4) nuclear physics (on nucleosynthesis). The members of each group consist of the admixture of astronomers and physicists from astronomy, particle physics and nuclear physics societies. The main covered research subjects are (1) cosmic electroweak and QCD phase transitions and symmetry breaking, baryogenesis, fromation of inhomogeneous space-time structure, and Big-Bang nucleosynthesis (in cosmology group), (2) fromation and evolution of galaxies and clusters, chemodynamic evolution of galaxies, gravitational lensing effects, observations of X-rays and gamma-rays from clusters and supernovae, and observations of high-redshift quasars and primordial galaxies (in astronomy group), (3) explosive nucleosynthesis in supernovae and novae, structure and formation of neutron stars and black holes, origin of cosmic rays, formation of planetary system, and spsctroscopic observations of halo stars (in nuclear astrophysics group), and (4) equation of states of nuclear matter at high density and high temperature elementary nuclear processes in explosive nucleosynthesis, stellar thermonuclear reactions, high energy spallation reactions, and their experiments (in nuclear physics group). We oranized the dicussion meetings very frequently every year in order to summarize the research products and to restructure the groups. We also organize international symposia once every year in order to discuss these products and receive international external evaluation.