SOLAR-UV SPECTRA AND MONITORING SYSTEMS OF BIOLOGICALLY-EFFECTIVE DOSE

全球臭氧层继续变薄，主要原因是人为释放消耗臭氧的化学物质。我们提出，基于紫外线辐射有害影响的生物剂量学系统需要与光谱学相结合，以监测和评估环境紫外线照射。日本和其他地方已经开发了几个确定生物有效剂量的系统，然而，到目前为止，几乎没有进行协调的比较。在这个项目中，我们在布鲁尔分光计连续运行的两个地点进行了四次夏季野外活动：在那霸(冲绳气象台，26.2OﾟN，127.68ﾟE，28.1m)，从1995年08年8月到2010年08年和1996年07年07月，在札幌(札幌市气象台，43.05ﾟN，141.33ﾟE，17.2米)，从1996年06年08年到29年06年，从1997年07年10月到12年07年。“孢子剂量计”(N.Munakata)、“生物膜剂量计”(Y.Furusawa)、“寡核苷酸(TPT)剂量计”(K.Hieda)、“干DNA剂量计”(Y.Ishigaki)和“溶液中的质粒和DNA”(K.Negishi)参与并与分光光度计CT.Takao和Y.Hirose并行曝光。对于孢子、生物膜和TPT剂量计这三个系统，在冈崎大型光谱仪(M.Watanabe)上获得了临界紫外光波长(290和400rim)响应的作用谱，并进行了修正。阐述了生物剂量法与分光光度法的比较策略。它采用了在整个波长范围内每0.5个轮缘间隔内的作用光谱和辐射光谱相乘得到的有效光谱。孢子剂量学分析的结果表明，物理测量结果与生物测量结果基本一致，但直接生物测量结果比计算值高出约20%，其原因有待于进一步的比较。

Global thinning of ozone layer continues mainly due to anthropogenic release of ozone-depleting chemicals. We proposed that biodosimetry systems based on the harmful effects of UV radiation are needed in conjunction with spectroscopy to monitor and assess environmental UV exposure. Several systems to determine biologically-effective doses have been developed in Japan and : elsewhere, however, so far little coordinated comparisons have been done. In this project, we have performed four field campaigns in summer at two sites where Brewer spectrophotometers are in continuous operation : at Naha (Okinawa Meteorological Observatory, 26.2OﾟN, 127.68ﾟE, 28.1 m) from 1995/08/08 to 08/10 and from 1996/07/18 to 07/20, and, at Sapporo (Sapporo Meteorological Observatory, 43.05ﾟN, 141.33ﾟE, 17.2 m) from 1996/06/28 to 06/29 and from 1997/07/10 to 07/12. In these campaigns, "spore dosimeter" (N.Munakata), "biofilm dosimeter" (Y.Furusawa), "oligonucleotide (TpT) dosimeter" (K.Hieda), "dry DNA dosimeter" (Y.Ishigaki), and "plasmid and DNA in solution" (K.Negishi) participated and performed side-by-side exposures with spectrophotometers CT.Takao and Y.Hirose). With regard to the three systems, i. e., spore, biofilm and TpT dosimeters, the action spectra for the response in the critical UV wavelengths (290 and 400 rim) have been obtained and refined at Okazaki Large Spectrograph (M.Watanabe). The strategy for the comparisons between biodosimetry and spectrophotometry has been elaborated. It employed the effectiveness spectra derived by the multiplication of the action and irradiance spectra in each 0.5 rim interval for the entire wavelength range. The results of the analysis using the spore dosimetry demonstrated general congruence of the physical and biological measurements, however, the direct biological measurements exhibited about 20 % higher values than the calculated ones, the reason of that should be investigated in future comparisons.