Elucidation of mechanism of determination of morphological and structural specificity of amphibia

这项研究最重要的贡献是证明了蝌蚪皮肤中存在变态前皮肤转化的中心。在这个中心，幼虫的皮肤转变为成虫前的皮肤。成体前皮肤最早出现在II~III期的上外侧区域。这个中心向背部、腹面、前部和后部移动，显示出独特的皮肤转换的顺序模式。转换在阶段V完成，中心没有扩展到尾部。本研究从蛙类皮肤和皮肤结缔组织中克隆了以下16种基因和基因组克隆：非洲爪蛙和牛蛙角蛋白基因7种，牛蛙半乳糖凝集素基因，非洲爪蛙组织蛋白D基因及其基因组克隆，牛蛙骨连接蛋白基因，牛蛙α1和α2型胶原基因，牛蛙α1和α2型胶原基因。克隆了牛蛙I型胶原Aipha1和Alpha2的基因克隆，牛蛙MMP1的基因组克隆，以及可能与再生能力有关的2个基因克隆。从牛蛙皮肤中还鉴定出五种钙结合蛋白。

The most important contribution of this study is to demonstrate the presence of the center for the premetamorphic conversion of the skin in the tadpole skin. In this center the larval skin transforms into the preadult skin. The preadult skin first emerged at stage II to III at a site in the upper lateral region. This center moved dorsally and then ventrally, anteriorly, and posteriorly, showing a unique sequential pattern of the skin conversion. The conversion was completed at stage V. The center did not spread into the tail. This clearly shows that the metamorphic fate of the skin was different between body and tail.We had cloned the following 16 kinds of cDNA and genomic clones from epidermis and skin connective tissues of frogs and newt ; 7 kinds of cDNA of keratins of Xenopus and bullfrog, a cDNA of bullfrog galectin, cDNA and its genomic clone of Xenopus cathepsin D, cDNA of bullfrog osteonectin, cDNA of bullfrog alpha1 and alpha2 chain of type I collagen, cDNA of bullfrog alpha1 and alpha2 of type II collagen. cDNA of newt aipha1 and alpha2 of type I collagen, genomic clone of bullfrog MMP1, and 2 cDNA clones that might be concerned with regenerating ability were isolated. Five calcium-binding proteins were also identified from bullfrog skin.