Moleculer mechanisms of cell differentiation and morphogenesis during early animal development

利用两栖动物胚胎进行形态发生和细胞分化研究，取得了许多重要的结果。(1)用激活素A处理动物头帽后，采用差减法克隆神经发生相关基因。并对Xran、XHMG-2、XIRF-6、XFRP、XGS、XNLRR-1等新基因进行了克隆和分析。(2)在体外系统中，我们成功地制作了头部结构和躯干-尾部结构。这些结构是用sandwith方法制成的，其中结合了活化素处理的外胚层。根据预培养时间的不同，诱导的结构也不同。(3)对与原肾形成相关的基因进行了克隆和分析。这些基因是Na-K-ATP酶α亚基、CIRP、XFKBP，并检测了这些基因的表达模式。(4)激活素、卵泡抑素和卵黄蛋白原的掺入用碘标记<125>和金胶体颗粒检测。(5)高浓度激活素处理动物冠状动脉可诱导心脏跳动，并表达多种内胚层标志基因。(6)对卵子发生过程中的卵黄蛋白原受体进行了克隆和分析。这些数据对于在分子水平上理解动物发育过程中的细胞分化和形态发生具有重要意义。

We got many important results about the morphogenesis and cell differentiation using the amphibian embryos. (1) After the treatment of activin A on animal caps, we made subtraction methods to clone the neurogenesis-related genes. And we cloned and analyzed the new genes such as Xran, XHMG-2, XIRF-6, XFRP,XGS,XNLRR-1. (2) In vitro system, we succeeded to make the head structure and trunk-tail structures. These structures were made with sandwith methods, in which the activin-treated ectoderm was combined. Depend on the pre-culture time, the induced structures were different. (3) Some kinds of genes which were related with pronephros (kidney) formation were cloned and analyzed. These genes were Na-K-ATPase alpha-subunit, CIRP,XFKBP,and the expression patterns of these genes are examined. (4) Incorporations of activin, follistatin and vitellogenin were examined using the labeling of these substance with ^<125>I and gold colloid particles. (5) Treatment with high concentration of activin to animal cap induced the beating heart, and expressed many kinds of endodermal marker genes. (6) Vitellogenin receptor during oogenesis was also cloned and analyzed. Above these data were very important to understand the cell differentiation and morphogenesis at the molecular level during animal development.