The Non-Vacuum PIXE Analysis of Relics Excavated from Remains and Presumption of Their Original Places.

为了实现非真空的PIXE分析，我们构建了一种可以将离子束引入大气层的新装置。该装置安装在现有的用于通常真空PIXE分析的小室的下游。特别考虑了整个加速器系统的保护，以防止真空破裂事故。该装置的端窗采用Kapton箔，因此窗箔不会产生太多的背景X射线。采用高分辨率纯锗探测器，能量分辨率为135 eV，对MnK^&lt；α&gt；X射线进行了元素分析，并对黑铁矿、红柱石、陶器和土壤等样品进行了分析。黑铁矿和红柱石的样品分别来自7个著名的地方和2个地方。陶器是从古墓中获得的。从奈良时期的日本首都“平约乔”废墟中采集了土壤样品，从黑铁矿和红柱石样品的PIXE分析中发现，某些元素对的X射线产额比具有特征值，可用于产地分类。在不同的采样位置进行PIXE分析时，经常会观察到X射线产额的波动。目前的分析表明，除Ca外，任何两种元素的X射线产额比几乎是恒定的，用于分类是安全的。至于对海约乔遗址获得的土壤样本进行元素分析，我们有兴趣寻找古人确实在那里生活的证据。认为磷和硫是蛋白质和脂肪中含有的微量元素。我们在几个样品中发现了PK&lt；α&gt；和S K&lt；α&gt；X射线峰，并得出结论，这些元素的存在暗示了人类生命的存在。

In order to realize non-vacuum PIXE analysis we constructed a new apparatus which could lead a ion beam into the atmosphere. The appratus was installed at down-stream of a existing chamber which was used for usual vacuum PIXE analysis. A special consideration was taken for the protection of the whole accelerator system against vacuum-breaking accidents. A Kapton foil was used for the end window of the apparatus so that the window foil did not produce much background X ray. A high resolution pure germanium detector, the energy resolution of which was 135 eV for Mn K^<alpha> X ray, was used in the present measurement.Elemental analysis was performed for samples such as obsidian, sanukite, earthenware and soil. Samples of obsidian and sanukite were collected from well-known 7 places and 2 places, respectively. Earthenware were obtained from ancient tombs. Soil samples were collected from the ruins of "Heijokyo" which was a capital city of Japan at Nara era.From the PIXE analysis of obsidian and sanukite samples, the ratios of X ray yield for certain pairs of elements were found to have characteristic values and to be useful for classification of production places. The fluctuation of X ray yields was often observed when PIXE analysis was performed at different sampling positions. The present analysis shows that ratios of X ray yields for any two elements except Ca are almost constant and safely used for the classification.As for elemental analysis of soil samples obtained at Heijokyo ruins we were interested in looking for the evidence that ancient people really led their lives there. The trace elements were considered to be phosphorus and sulfur which were contained in protein and lipid. We found PK_<alpha> and S K_<alpha> X ray peaks in several samples and concluded that the presence of these elements implied the existence of human lives.