Specific Characters of Thermoregulation for Environmental Management in Farm Animals

为了合理地控制热环境，必须了解每个热因素的特征，并对家畜的体温调节有透彻的了解。通过测量产热量、深层体温、皮肤表面温度和呼吸频率建立了热平衡研究中的分析方法，具有较高的可靠性。牛体温的特征变化既包括昼夜直肠温度低而高的日节律，也包括随着环境温度和营养平面的增加而增加的体温水平的变化。随着环境温度的升高，体温的升高是维持热平衡的必要反应。体温水平的变化可能会引发出汗和喘息，并可能调整显热和潜热损失之间的平衡。Main…热平衡的维持可能更多地受到平均体温水平的控制。这些反应可以用热敏性的概念来解释。温度敏感度可能有一个每日的节律，白天高，晚上低。在夜间炎热的条件下，通过提高体温来提高热敏感度来维持热平衡是可能的。鸡的体温调节具有明确的日节律，与昼夜密切相关。生命早期热负荷的影响可能通过改变体温调节反应和行为活动来促进动物应对后续热负荷的能力。对热因素的合理管理应与体温的节律和水平有关，这与家畜的体温调节特性有关。有必要了解热因素对体温节律变化水平和分布的影响，然后应用消热技术来应对热应激。较少

For the reasonable control of the thermal environment, it is necessary to have knowledge of the character of each thermal factor and a thoroughly understanding of thermoregulation of the farm animals. The method of analysis in heat balance studies has been established by the measurement of heat production, deep body temperature, skin surface temperatures and respiration rate with a fairly high degree of reliability.The characteristic variation of body temperature in cattle are comprised of both a daily rhythm in which rectal temperature is low in the morning and high in the night, and a change in the level of body temperature which increases with the increase of ambient temperature and plane of nutrition. The increase of body temperature is an essential response for the maintenance of heat balance with increase ambient temperatures. The variation in the level of body temperature may initiate sweating and panting and may adjust the balance between sensible and latent heat loss. The main … More tenance of heat balance may be controlled by the level of mean body temperature. These responses could be explained by use of the concept of thermosensitivity. Thermosensitivity may have a daily rhythm, being high during the day and low at night. Under hot conditions during the night, it is possible to maintain heat balance by enhancing thermosensitivity through increased body temperature. Thermoregulation in chickens is characterized by a clear daily rhythm that is closely associated with day and night. The effects of heat load early in life may promote the ability to cope with the subsequent by altering thermoregulatory responses and behavioral activities.Reasonable management of thermal factors should be related to the rhythm and the level of body temperature which are related to the thermoregulatory character of farm animals. It is necessary that the effect of thermal factors on variation of the level and distruption of the rhythm of body temperature should be understood, and then heat alleviation techniques applied to cope with heat stress. Less