High speed hydrolysis of biomass using the suprecritical water and ethanol fermentation of decomposed materials.

为了将纤维素生物质转化为用于酒精发酵的原料，在间歇式反应器中，在250至405 ℃的温度下，在蒸汽压或水下，用热压缩水对纤维素和锥栗（一种硬木）进行水热处理。在290 ℃下加热30 s左右，可使50%左右的纤维素糖化为葡萄糖。水溶性组分发酵试验结果表明，通过活性炭处理去除溶液中的糠醛，发酵速率显著提高，并且进一步证实了在消耗的己糖和形成的乙醇之间的良好质量平衡。活性木质素首先被分解，然后半纤维素接着纤维素接着纤维素被水解成水溶性物（WS），尽管稳定木质素难以被分解并作为土壤残留物（甲醇不溶物，MI）保留。提高加热温度会导致MI产率下降，但由于WS的二次分解，水溶性组分产率并没有增加，但通过优化加热时间，可获得含己糖20%以上或接近30%的WS。由于木质素中的物质是以甲醇可溶物的形式与WS分开获得的，因此WS便于发酵，并且用酵母成功地生产乙醇。

In order to convert ceIIulosic biolmass to raw materials for alcohol fermentation, cellulose and chinquapin, a hard wood.were hydrothermolyzed with hot compressed water in a batch reactor at temperatures between 250 and 405ﾟC under the vapor pressure or water.Cellulose was quickly solubilized to water, and about 50% of cellulose could be saccharified to glucose by adjusting the heating time in the range of 30s at the heating temperature of 290ﾟC.As a result of fermentation tests of water soluble fraction, the fermentation rate was remarkably improved by removing furfurals in the solution through an active carbon treatment, and further, good mass balance was confirmed between thc consumed hexose and formed ethanol.In the case of chinquapin, the hydrothennolysis started at lower temperature than pure ceIIulose. Active ligunin was first decomposed, and then hemicellulose followed by cellulose was followed by cellulose was hydrolyzed to water solubles (WS), although stable lignin was hard to decompose and remained as soil residue (methanol insoluble, Ml). Increasing the heating temperature led to the decrease in the yield of MI,but not to the increase in the yield of water soluble fraction because of the second decomposition of WS.However, the WS including over 20% of hexose was obtained in the yield or near 30% by optimizing the heating time. Since species from lignin were obtained as methanol solubles separately from WS,the WS were convenient for the fermentation and ethanol was successfully produced with yeast.