Study of the Super-Strongest Materials Consisting of Al- or Mg- base Fine Structure Dispersed by Nanoscale Complete Crystalline Particles

为了获得比强度超过普通商业合金的新型非磁性轻合金，开展了含纳米晶非晶材料的研究开发，采用高压气体雾化-离心旋压两步淬火工艺，获得了由[(fcc-Al或hcp-mg)+(非晶-Al或-mg)]组成的双相非晶粉末。在573-623K的温度下进行短时间的快速加热，然后在该温度下进行挤压。挤压后的块体合金具有较高的抗拉强度，是超硬铝合金的2.5倍。结果表明，这种高强度是由以下三个条件共同作用的结果：(1)纳米级的fcc-Al或hcp-mg颗粒具有完全的晶态，(2)非晶与fcc-Al或hcp-mg颗粒之间具有高度紧密堆积的界面结构，阻止了裂纹的扩展，(3)尺寸为3-5 nm的纳米fcc-Al或hcp-mg颗粒形成了厚度为10-20 nm的原子团簇，有效地抑制了非晶合金的不均匀变形，挤压后的非晶合金适用于制造汽车、机械结构、机械滑动或弹簧的零部件材料。

In order to obtain a new type nonmagnetic light alloy with high specific strength which exceeds them of the usual commercial alloys, the research development of amorphous material containing nanocrystalline grains were performed.As a results, by means of two-stage quenching technique consisting of high-pressure gas atomization followed by centrifugal spinning, a double phase amorphous powders consisting of [(fcc-Al or hcp-Mg) + (Amorphous-Al or -Mg)] were obtained. After short time rapid heating at 573-623k, the powders were extruded at that temperatures. The extruded bulk alloy exhibits higer tensile strength of 2.5 times of extra-super duralmin. It is cleared that these high strength is appeared by the interactions of three conditions as follows ;(1) nanoscale fcc-Al or hcp-Mg particles have complete crystalline state,(2) the interface between amorphous and fcc-Al or hcp-Mg paticles have highly close-packed interface structure which prevents the crack growth,(3) nanoscale fcc-Al or hcp-Mg particles with the size of 3-5nm forms the atomic cluster with 10-20nm thick which suppress effectively an inhomogeneous deformation of amorphous alloys.The extruded amorphous alloys are suitable for the parts materials of vehicles, mechanical structures, mechanical slidings or springs.