DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW,AUTOMATIC SAMPLERF OR COLLECTION OF DEEP-SEA HYDROTHERMAL FLUIDS

A.新型自动热液取样器的开发(1)该取样器采用形状记忆合金设计，可以同时感应高温并激活阀门和吸入机构。采样器被设计成小型化和轻量化，便于潜水器和其他深海航行器操作。因此，它的设计目的是收集100毫升的液体样本，呈圆柱形，主要由铝和特氟龙制成。(3)制备了形状记忆合金专用于进样器。b .新型自动热液采样器的原位测试(1)利用新海2000潜水器在海底火山火山口（1374m深）的深海热液喷口进行了采样器的测试，该喷口喷出的过热流体高达298 C。液体采集成功。(2)取样器采集的液体中微生物丰富。微生物丰度高达10^5-10^6ml^<-1>，比已知的相似水深高10-100倍。从收集的微生物中提取DNA，并分析16SrDNA序列。某些16SrDNA被发现与嗜水菌Shwanella sp.密切相关。(3)对采样器采集的液体进行化学分析，发现样品液体中含有大量海水。理论上，我们的采样器设计用于收集100%纯热液，但事实并非如此。夹带率为48 ~ 90%。海水夹带的原因可能是吸力过快，不能适度地收集热液。

A.DEVELOPMENTO OF A NEW,AUTOMATIC HYDROTHERAMAL FLUID SAMPLER(1) The sampler was designed to employ a shape memory alloy that allows simultaneous sensing of high temperature and activatation of the valve and the suction mechanisms.(2) The sampler was designed to be be down-sized and down-weighted for easier manipulation by submersibles and other deep-sea vehicles. It was thus designed to collect 100 ml of a fluid sample, to be cylinder-shaped, and to be made mostly of aluminum and Teflon.(3) A shape memory alloy was prepared specifically for the use of the sampler.(4) The sampler was assembled and tested in the land-based laboratory.B.IN SITU TEST OF THE NEW,AUTOMATIC HYDROTHERMAL FLUID SAMPLER(1) The sampler was tested, with thesubmersible Shinkai 2000, at a deep-sea hydrothermal vent in a submarine vilcanic crater (1374m deep), which emitted super-heated fluid of up to 298ﾟC.The fluid collection was successful.(2) Abundant microorganisms was observed in the fluid collected by the sampler. The microbial abundance was as high as 10^5-10^6ml^<-1>, which is 10-100 times higher than those known for similar water depth. DNA was recovered from the collected microorganisms, and 16SrDNA sequences were analyzed therefrom. Certain 16SrDNA was found to be closely realted to that of Shwanella sp., which is a barophilic species.(3) Chemical analysis of the fiuids collecte by the sampler revealed that the much seawater was entrained into the sample fluid. Our sampler was designed to collect theoretically 100% pure hydrothermal fluid, but it did not. The ratio of entrainment was 48-90%. The reason of the seawater entrainment is supposed to be that the suction was too fast to collect only the hydrothermal fluid moderately.