Development of a new embolic material with superabsorbent polymer microsphere

研究了丙烯酸钠-乙烯醇共聚物（SAP-MS）微球作为动脉栓塞材料。粒子的直径被精确校准以控制遮挡水平。估计通过微导管的通道能力。SAP-MS经无水酒精消毒后，在真空瓶中制备，供临床使用。同时评价丙烯酸聚合物钠盐的临床应用价值。动物实验通过动物实验来评价兔肾栓塞的栓塞效果和组织病理学反应。随访血管造影显示栓塞肾动脉完全闭塞。栓塞后未见再通。动脉腔被SAP-MS完全闭塞，其扩张大于动脉的原始直径。动脉壁及血管周围组织未见反应性改变。全肾组织广泛纤维化，主要在皮质区出现钙化。临床结果应用SAP-MS对肿瘤病变患者进行栓塞治疗。在肝细胞癌中，不使用抗肿瘤药物也有坏死作用。术前栓塞可减少手术干预的侵入性。肾细胞癌的坏死效果不理想。转移性骨肿瘤治疗良好，局部疼痛得到控制，无并发症。动静脉畸形通过SAP-MS栓塞得到很好的控制，没有任何并发症，但病变共存的房室瘘没有联合使用其他材料。

EVALUATION OF SUPER ABSORBENT POLYMERThe super absorbent polymer microsphere, sodium acrylate and vinyl alcohol copolymer (SAP-MS) was investigated as an arterial embolic material. The diameter of the particles was exactly calibrated to control the occlusion level. Passage ability through microcatheters was estimated. SAP-MS were sterilized by absolute alcohol and prepared in the vacuum vial for clinical purpose. Acrylate acid polymer sodium salt was simultaneously evaluated for clinical purposes.ANIMAL STUDIESAnimal studies were done to evalute the embolic effects and histopathologic reaction by the embolization of rabbits kidneys. The follow-up angiographies indicated the total occlusion of embolized renal artery. No recanalization was found after the embolization. The arterial lumen was completely occluded by the SAP-MS which expanded larger than the original diameter of the artery. No reactive changes were found in the arterial wall and perivascular tissue. Extensive fibrosis in the whole renal tissue and calcification mainly in the cortex were found.CLINICAL RESULTSPatients with neoplastic lesions were treated by embolotherapy with SAP-MS.In hepatocellular carcionoma, necrotic effects without anti-neoplastic agent were obtained. Preoperative embolization resulted in less invasive surgical interventions. Unsatisfactory necrotic effects was archived in cases of renal cell carcinoma. Metastatic bone tumors were well treated in control of local pain without complications.Arteriovenous malformations were well controlled by embolization using SAP-MS without any complication, however, the lesions coexisting AV fistula were not managed without combination use of other materials.