RESEARCH ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTERGENERATIONAL PROGRAM AND ASSESSING ITS EFFECT ON CHILDREN'S ATTITUDE TOWARD THE ELDERLY

本研究旨在发展一套跨世代的计划，以改变子女对老人的态度，并评估其成效。首先，开发了两种评估儿童对老年人态度的工具。一个工具由25个关于老年人的陈述组成，用于测量老年人的感知;另一个工具是用于评估老年人情感的语义差异方法，该方法使用18个成对的形容词（如好-坏，快乐-悲伤）。本研究以国小、中、高中学生为研究对象，探讨其对老人的态度。作为对这些数据进行分析的结果，建立了一个22项感知测量工具，选择“是”"否“的回答，以及由17对形容词组成的SD测试，学生们通过该测试对老年人进行五点评分。其次，为了收集东京幼儿园、小学和中学的代际方案的例子，进行了调查。51.8%的幼儿园（218所）有代际方案，50.3%的小学（294所）和中学（189所）有社会福利方案。然而，大多数节目都是邀请老年人参加学校的活动，如运动会。我们试图制作一个跨代节目，挑战老年人的刻板印象。5名7至9岁的儿童参加了为期1天、2小时的代际讲习班和观看3部关于老年人生活的录像。该方案能有效地提高老年人的可接受性，但不影响儿童感知和情感量表的得分。

The purpose of this study was to develop an intergenerational program in changing children's attitudes toward the elderly, and to assess its effectiveness. First, two instruments for assessing children's attitudes toward older persons were developed. One instrument consists of 25 statements about old people for measuring perceptions of the aged, the other one is a Semantic Differential method for assessing affection for elderly people, which makes use of 18 paired adjectives (such as good-bad, happy-sad). Our instruments were used to assess elementary, secondary and high school students' attitudes toward old people. As the results of analyzes on these data, a 22-item perception measurement tool with a choice of 'Yes' 'No' response and a SD test consisting of 17 pairs of adjectives by which students rate old people on a five-point scale were established.Secondarily, a survey was conducted in order to collect examples of intergenerational programs at kindergartens, elementary schools and secondary schools in Tokyo. 51.8% of the kindergartens (n=218) have had intergenerational programs, and 50.3% of both elementary schools (n=294) and secondary schools (n=189) have carried out any programs on social welfare. However, most of the programs were inviting elderly persons to school events such as sports day.We tried to make an intergenerational program in challenging stereotyopes of the aged. A program of a 1-day, 2-hr intergeneration workshop and watching the 3 videos concerning older persons' lives were administered to 5 children between 7 and 9 years of age. The program was effective in improving the acceptability of older adults, but did not affect the scores of children's perception and affection assessed by out instruments.