The study of the village and villege's land in japan doing the middle ages.

本研究是对中世纪剑安人权利意识的研究，是剑安人权利意识的典范。我研究了山城县的福岛村、尾江省的奥岛村和萨摩省的Hioki村。此外，我还观察到了村里人们的倾向。比如，1260年代，15个强势的采珠者主导着奥久岛庄园的乡村生活，但到1290年代，58个采珠者联合起来了。在这个过程中，制定了一套集体规则（so okite），规定“诽谤村庄的人应被驱逐出庄园；如果在此之前发生过这种情况，父母和孩子应该被驱逐；如果这个村庄被诽谤了好几次，他的小屋就应该被烧毁。”总的来说，这个集体规则的严肃性告诉我们什么？农民社会的每一个层次只有深入地融入村庄这个整体，才能勉强维持其生活和生产。显然，在历史的那个阶段，被驱逐出村庄社区意味着注定要流浪、毁灭和死亡。同时，在集体规则中发现的严格追求的实践表达了集体团结的力量，它也可以被看作是由于与贫农阶级的斗争而不得不应对村庄组织内部迅速恶化的各种矛盾的痛苦的忏悔。

This study is research of right consciousness and a model consciousness of the people in jaoan during the middle ages. I researched the village of Fushimi estate in yamashiro province and Okushima estate in Omi province and Hioki estate in Satuma province. Furthen I inepected the tendency of people of the village.For example, in the 1260s fifteen powerful pearants directed village life on the Okushima estate, but by the 1290s fifty-eight pearants had banded together. In the process, a set of rules for the collective (so okite) were created stating that "those who slander the village should be banished from the estate ; if this has happened before the with and children should be banished as will ; and if the village has bean slandered several times his hut should be burint." In general, what does the serterity of this collective rule tell us? only by deep involvement with the village as a unit could each level of peasant society barely maintain its life and production. Clearly at that stage in history banishment from the village community meant being doomed to vagrancy, ruin and death. At the same time that the practice of severe pursihment found in the collective's rules expresses the strength of the collective's unity it also can be seen as a confession of dis tress at having to cope writh various sapidly worsening contradictions beiny footered within the village arganization because of the struggle with the poor peasant class.