Influences of Classical Rhetoric on Modern English Legal System Training of the barristers

这一年的研究成果主要有以下几点：第一，现有的巴里斯特语录中包含论据的材料是18世纪末以后的材料。它们是可靠的，因为它们是以速记发表或撰写的。第二，这项研究中最重要的三位人物是托马斯·厄斯金、亨利·布劳厄姆和约翰·坎贝尔。他们都受到了苏格兰启蒙运动的影响，都工作在普通法传统和法律制度现代化的运动中。第三，本研究聚焦于托马斯·厄斯金，他被认为是现代英国法医演说家的创始人，对19世纪和20世纪的律师产生了巨大的影响。第四，厄斯金可用的演讲大多是关于诽谤、新闻自由等案件的演讲。煽动等，即刑事和宪法，并由陪审团，特别是专门的陪审团审判。第五，古典修辞和现代演讲是相同的，都对刑事和政治案件有用和有影响。可以想象，律师、法官和陪审员有着共同的教育(古典)和社会背景。第六，可以说，古典传统在现代法医演说家中仍然具有影响力。这项研究在很大程度上得益于克赖恩法官和牛津大学马格达伦学院的伊贝森博士的建议。

The results of the research in this year can be summarised as follows.First of all, the available source materials which contain arguments in the speeches of barristes are those of late 18 century onwards. They are reliable because they were published or written in shorthand.Secondly, three most important figures in this research are Thomas Erskine, Henry Brougham and John Campbell. All of them are influenced by Scottish Enlightenment and worked under the movement of modernization of Common Law tradition and legal system.Thirdly, this research focuses on Thomas Erskine who is regarded as the founder of modern English forensic oratory and had great influence upon the barristers in 19 and 20 centuries.Fourthly, most of Erskine's available speeches are those for the cases of libel, freedom of the press. Sedition etc., namely criminal and constituional, and tried by juries, special juries in particular.Fifthly, classical rhetoric and modern oratory are the same in the sense that both are useful and influential to the criminal and political cases. It is possible to imagine that barristers, judges and juries have common educational (classical) and social backgrounds.Sixthly, therefore it can be said that the classical tradition remained influential among modern forensic oratory. This research is greatly benefited by the suggestions of His Honor Judge Cryan and Dr Ibbetson of Magdalen College Oxford.