A Theoretical and Empirical Study on the Transformation of the Japanese Economy

本研究的目的是分析日本经济的产业转型。本文特别选取日本机床行业作为案例研究对象，从理论和实证两方面对增长与产业转型的相关因素进行了分析。日本机床工业最初的生产率并不高，所谓的“日本技术”是在追赶西方工业的过程中形成的。这种追赶的过程并不是机床行业所特有的，而是整个日本制造业所共有的。本研究试图在经济理论中阐述这一过程，并检验这一假设。第二次世界大战后，通过购买蓝图和原型机引进了西方的新技术。通过20世纪60年代数控机床和70年代初计算机数控机床的研发过程，日本赶上了西方的技术水平。通过对产业增长假设模型的Chou检验，确定产业转型的时间为1976年。日本机床工业的成功因素之一是在数控机床的研发过程中与电子和计算机制造商的合作。他们相互结合了每种技术的优势，这使得日本制造商成为世界上最好的制造商。另一方面，西方制造商试图利用自己的技术优势，自己承担研发过程。日本技术创新的特点是一种产品的研发过程成为下一种产品研发过程的基础。这是连续进行的。我假设这是“持续的研发过程”。与这一理论形成鲜明对比的例子是“跨越式增长模式”，也就是现在所说的东亚增长模式。后者强调通过在特定时间引入最先进的技术来跳过研发过程。虽然这似乎是一种有效的进行研发的方式，但它总是依赖于国外的技术，从而无法形成自己的技术。持续不断的研发过程是日本机床行业保持世界领先地位的关键。少

The purpose of this study is to analyze the industrial transformation of the Japanese economy. The Japanese machine tool industry is particularly selected as the case study, and factors related to growth and industrial transformation are analyzed theoretically and empirically. The Japanese machine tool industry did not enjoy high productivity at its origins, and so-called "Japanese technology" was formed in the process of catching up with Western industries. This process of catching up is not particular to the machine tool industry, but is common to the entire Japanese manufacturing sector. This study attempts to formulate this process in economic theory and to test this hypothesis.After the Second World War, new Western technology was introduced by purchasing blueprints and prototypes. Through the R&D process of numerially-controlled (NC) machine tools in the 1960s and computerized NC (CNC) machine tools in the early 1970s, Japan caught up with the Wastern level of technology. The tim … More e of industrial transformation was specified as being 1976 by the Chou test of the model which hypothesizes the growth of the industry.One of the successful factors of the Japanese machine tool industry is its collaboration with electronics and computer makers in the R&D process of CNC machine tools. They mutually combined the superior aspects of each technology, and this made it possible for Japanese makers to be ranked best in the world. On the other hand, Western makers attempted to undertake the R&D process by themselves by making use of their own technological superiority.The characteristics of Japanese technological innovation is that the R&D process of one product becomes the basis of the process of the next product. This is carried out in succession. I hypothesize this as the "continuous R&D process". A contrasting example to this theory is found in the "leapfrogging model, " which is now referred to as the model of East Asian growth. The latter emphasizes skipping the R&D process by introducing the most advanced technology available at a particular time. Although this seems to be an efficient way of proceeding with R&D,it always depends on foreign technology and thus their own technology cannot be formed. The continuous R&D process is the key to explaining why the Japanese machine tool industry has maintained the top position in the world. Less