Study on trade-off of environmental load between solid waste and sewage

对纸尿裤和垃圾处理机的环境友好性进行了考察。1)纸尿裤产量呈线性增长，1996年达77亿张，尤其是成人尿布的增长幅度大于婴儿尿布。2)纸尿裤使用后重量为150-180g，排泄物重量为101-131g。3)如果不考虑母亲的工资，纺织尿布比纸尿裤便宜。4)0.8-1.8岁婴儿洗涤纸尿裤污染物排放量为3.4g/帽/d，TP为0.218g/帽/d(含粪便)。5)与纺织品尿布相比，纸尿裤对材料消耗和废弃物的环境负荷较大，对能源和水的消耗、对水的污染负荷和对空气的污染较小。1)禁止或引导使用处理机，3)垃圾的污染物负荷为302g，CODcr为51g，N 1.3g，P为0.15g，分别为200，37，0.9，0.12g/人均/天。4)引入处理器的系统与现有系统相比，成本高20%，大气污染环境负荷低，水污染环境负荷高。由于完成生命周期评价需要大量的数据收集，所以需要仔细检查数值的可靠性。某一产品的生命周期评价可能与有组织的动力和企业的合作有关，RDF的热循环和固体废物焚烧发电的相关问题有待进一步研究。

The environmental-friendliness of paper diaper and garbage disposer was examined.1) The prooduction of paper diaper is increasing linearly upto 7.7 billion sheets in 1996, especially diaper for adults is increasing more than for babies.2) The weight of paper diaper after use is 150-180g, and the weight of excreta is 101-131g.3) Textile diaper is cheaper than paper diaper if the wages of mother are neglected. It means that textile diiaper seems to be partly used by the economical reason.4) The discharge of pullutant load from textile diaper washing for a baby of 0.8-1.8 years old was TN 3.4g/cap/d, TP 0.218g/cap/d including feces.5) The environmental load of paper diaper was larger for material consumption and the amount of wastes and less for energy and water consumption, pollutant load to water and air pollution comparing with textile diaper.1) The use of disposer is forbidden or guided to be self-controled by the administration, and the production of disposer is hardly found domestically.2) Electric power consumption is 0.02kwh/cap/day.3) The pollutant load of garbage was amount 302g, CODcr 51g, N 1.3g, P 0.15g including orange peerings and 200,37,0.9,0.12g/capita/day excluding them respectively.4) The system introducing disposer is more expensive by 20% and environmental load of air pollution is lower for air pollution and higher for water pollution, comparing with the present system.As huge amount of data collection is necessary to complete LCA,the reliability of the value presented should be cheked carefully. The LCA for a certain product might be indipensable to the help of organized power and the corperation of enterprizes.The related matter to the thermal recycle of RDF and power generation by solid waste incineration should be further studied.