Analysis and control of anaerobic microflora in submerged soil

全世界稻田面积达1.5亿公顷，主要分布在亚洲国家，这对水稻生产很重要。水稻土以淹水后的厌氧条件为主，产甲烷细菌和其他厌氧微生物的习性较好。甲烷是全球变暖的气体之一，尽管这种厌氧土壤微生物的生态和菌群还没有被很好地了解。因此，本研究对这类厌氧土壤微生物进行了检测、分析和评价。本研究还对产甲烷菌和其他土壤厌氧菌的竞争进行了研究。主要研究内容如下：1)利用产甲烷菌的特异探针，采用聚合酶链式反应技术进行产甲烷菌的检测。2)研究了产甲烷菌在3种不同土壤中的活性与种群数量的相关性。3)利用荧光显微镜研究了产甲烷菌的存活和生态。4)在连续施用秸秆的水稻土微生态系统中，研究了产甲烷菌活性与葡萄糖反应的关系。5)测定了乙酸盐作为产甲烷菌和其他厌氧菌竞争底物的周转率。

Paddy fields cover 150 million ha throughout the world, mainly in Asian countries, which is important for production of rice. Paddy soil is dominated by anaerobic conditions upon submergence and preferable habit for methanogenic bacteria and other anaerobic microorganisms. Methane is one of global warming gases, though ecology and flora of such anaerobic soil microorganisms are not well understood yet. Therefore, detection analysis and evaluation of such anaerobic soil microorganisms are examined in this study. Competition of methanogens and other soil anaerobes are also investigated in this study. Outlines of the examined points are as follows ;1) Detection of methanogens by using specific probes for methanogens were performed by PCR method.2) Correlation between activity and population of methanogens were examined in three different soils.3) Survival and ecology of methanogens were investigated by using fluorescent microscope.4) Relationship between methanogenic activity and response to glucose were studied in paddy soil microcosms with continuous application of straws.5) Turnover of acetate as competing substrate for methanogens and other anaerobes were determined.