Equalization of seasonal herbage productivity in the cattle grazing pasture by sheep follow grazing

东北地区的肉牛在晚春开始在山地牧场放牧，并在一些分割的围场中轮流放牧。然而，在那个时候，牧草比牛需要摄入的要多。在这种情况下，放牧后牧草残留过量，造成更多的死料。为了解决这一问题，我在本研究中提出了一种以羊为跟随底食草动物的组合放牧制度。青森县武田市某草甸牧草的直立产量在6月中旬增加，7月下旬达到最大值。这一时期牧草日增重提高了50 ~ 100公斤/公顷。消耗这么多的牧草需要相当多的牛。另一方面，从农民那里饲养的放牧牛在公共农场饲养小牛的数量减少。由于放牧影响减少，坡地围场的植被遭到破坏。本文提出了牛羊联合放牧制度下山地牧场经营的指导意见。牧草质量低于4000公斤/公顷时必须提前开始放牧，并至少持续放牧至2000公斤/公顷。羊作为牛的跟随者，必须不断地放牧，直到不仅有叶子而且有茎，因为羊比牛对叶子更有选择性。再生过程中的优势种能够通过改变放牧动物来控制。放牧牛使牧场上的三叶草占主导地位，放牧羊使它长草。

The beef cattles start grazing on the mountainous pastures in the late spring in Tohoku region and are grazed rotationally in the some divided paddocks. On that time, however, there is more herahage than the cattle need to intake. In this case, the herbage is remained in excess after grazing and itcauses more dead materials. For solving this problem, I propose to introduce a combination grazing system with sheep as a follower bottom grazer in this study.The standing crop of herbage increased in the middle of June and reached the maximm value in the late of July in a meadow in Towada city, Aomori prefecture. The daily gain of the herbage increased 50kg/ha to 100kg/ha during this period. Quite a number of cattle is need to consume such herbage mass. On the other hand, the number of grazing cattles which are deposited from farmers decreased in the public farm for calf rasing. The vegetation in the sloping paddocks was devastated by less grazing impact. A guideline is porposed for managing the mountainous pasture by the cattle and sheepcombinaion grazing system as follows.1. Gattle grazing has to start before as the herbage mass is less than 4,000kgDM/ha and to continue the grazing until 2,000kgDM/ha at least.2. Sheep as a follower grazer of cattle, has to be continued the grazing until not only leaves but also stems because sheep is more selective for leaf than cattle.3. The dominant plant species during regrowth is able to control by change the grazing animal. Cattle grazing causes the pasture to dominate clover and sheep cause it to grass.