Studies on Improvement of Utilization of Low Quality Roughages

考虑到人类的食物原料，我们不得不使用当地的材料进行动物生产。在东南亚地区，他们有大量的草食动物的粗饲料，但他们的质量不是很好。本研究试图提高粗饲料稻草和纳皮耶草（Pennisetum perpureum Schum.）结果表明：1）经瘤胃注入丙酸和尿素可提高绵羊对稻草干物质的消化率。2）纳皮耶草在收获后萎蔫48 h，并间隔一定时间制备青贮饲料。在材料萎蔫的8 h内，青贮品质很好，但此后随着时间的延长，pH值升高，乳酸含量降低。3）用枝顶孢霉和木霉纤维素酶青贮纳皮耶草时，pH值降低，乳酸含量增加。这些结果表明，纤维素酶分解了草中的结构性碳水化合物，形成了水溶性碳水化合物，并将其用作乳酸形成的底物。4）第三次试验在名古屋大学农场进行。为了研究这些结果的地区差异，在冲绳进行了与第三次实验相同的实验，结果与名古屋地区的结果几乎相同。这表明，在名古屋和冲绳，在青贮期间进行乳酸发酵的乳酸菌是活跃的。

Considering food materials for human, we have to use local materials for animal production. In the region of South-East Asia they have a plenty of roughages for herbivorous animals, but their quality was not so good. In this study we tried to increase the quality of the roughages : rice straw and napier grass (Pennisetum perpureum Schum.), and the following results were shown.1) Dry matter digestibility of rice straw of sheep was increased by the infusion of propionic acid and urea via rumen fisturae. Ruminal ammonia, propionic acid and acetic acid were also increased during the infusion.2) Napier grass was wilted for 48 hours after harvesting, and prepared silages at time-intervals. Within 8 hours of wilting of the materials, the silage quality was very good, but thereafter pH value was increased and lactic acid content was decreased with time spent.3) When napier grass was ensiled with cellulases from Acremonium and Trichoderma spp., pH value was decreased and lactic acid content was increased. These results suggested that structural carbohydrates in the grass was decomposed by cellulases, water soluble carbohydrates were formed and used for substrates of lactic acid formation4) The third experiment was done at the farm of Nagoya University. To investigate the regional difference of these results, the same kind to the third experiment was done at Okinawa and the results were almost the same as those of Nagoya region. This suggested that lactic acid bacteria which work for lactic acid fermentation during ensilage were active both at Nagoya andOkinawa.