Chemo-ecological aspects of studies for environmental control using the blue mussel

我们建立了一个独特的生物测定筛选附着引诱剂和驱避剂使用蓝贻贝Mytilus edulis galloprovincialis。研究了各种物理因素，如粒径、机械搅拌、暴露于空气、盐度、钙和/或镁和温度对丝线形成的影响。我们研究了化学物质对丝线形成的影响。铁（III） EDTA、曲酸、L-抗坏血酸、苯甲酸钠和苯酚浓度分别为100 μ mol/ L时，对粗线形成的影响分别比对照（线数8+1,100%）提高了49%、44%、19%、16%和4%。对于Fe (III) EDTA，线程数在200mumol/l时翻了一番。在50 ~ 200mumol/l浓度范围内，对曲酸的活性无显著影响。6和24%的浓度对MgCl_2和CaCl_2有轻微的抑制作用，而CuSO_4和烟酰胺即使在低至10和5mumol/l的浓度下也能完全抑制线的形成。Fe (III) EDTA对蓝贻贝具有明显的剂量依赖性。新的实验使用了一个自由的贻贝，而不是一个固定的贻贝，因为在以前的实验中它不能显示其自然行为。贻贝通过它的感受器选择自己喜欢的区域，向喜欢的区域移动，并通过产生足丝来固定在那里。若贻贝向样品区移动，则确定该化合物为引诱剂；若贻贝向空白区移动，则确定该化合物为驱避剂。在1.0 μ mol/cm^2的浓度下，姜黄素、靛蓝胭脂红、α -生育酚和铁粉对吸附有促进作用，而在20 μ mol/l的浓度下，18-冠-6和BHT对吸附有促进作用。壬基酚在0.1 μ mol/l时具有驱避活性。两种分析方法所需的样品数量几乎相同。

We have established a unique bioassay for screening attachment attractants and repellents using the blue mussel Mytilus edulis galloprovincialis. The effects of various physical factors such as, size, mechanical agitation, exposure to air, salinity, calcium and/or magnesium and temperature on byssal thread formation have been studied. We examined the effects of chemicals on byssal thread formation. Fe (III) EDTA, kojic acid, L- ascorbic acid, sodium benzoate and phenol, each at 100 mumol/l, showed an increase of 49,44,19,16, and 4% over control (number of threads 8+1 ; 100%) on byssal thread formation in M.edulis galloprovinciales. For Fe (III) EDTA,the number of threads doubled at 200mumol/l. No significant change of activity was observed for kojic acid over a concentration range of 50 to 200mumol/l. Slight inhibitory effect of 6 and 24% was observed for MgCl_2 and CaCl_2, whereas CuSO_4 and nicotinamide completely inhibited the formation of threads even at a concentration as low as 10 and 5mumol/l. Significantly, Fe (III) EDTA showed a significant dose-dependent effect against the blue mussel. The new assay uses a free mussel instead of a fixed mussel, as used in previous assay where it couldn't show its natural behavior. The mussel selected the zones of preference by its sensory receptacle, moved toward preferred zones and fixed there by production of byssus filaments. If the mussel moved toward sample zone, the compound was determined to be attractant, if it moved toward blank zone, the compound was determined to be repellent. By the new assay method, curcumin, indigo carmine, alpha-tocopherol and iron powder at 1.0mumol/cm^2 promoted attachment while 18-crown-6 and BHT were effective at 20 and 28 mumol/l, respectively. Nonylphenol showed the repellent activity at 0.1mumol/l. The amount of samples required is almost same for both the assay methods.