A Research on the Trends of city-ward migrants out of a depopulated communal society in a Mountain Village

(1)目的与结果：大多数关于山村人口减少的研究都以“剩民”为研究对象。本研究的对象也包括“城市移民”。因此，我们可以从定居和城市流动两个方面来分析人口减少，并考察迁入人口的u型转向的条件。由于这项研究的结果，发现自20世纪80年代以来，高知公社社会的人口减少已经停止，因为社会性质发生了变化，从森林工人的公社社会转变为工薪族的公社社会，并且世代交替。这是由于中等和高等教育的普及，就业机会的创造，旅游设施的改善以及中年人和老年人之间建立了良好的相互关系。另一方面，城市移民更喜欢他们居住的地方工作，购物和娱乐，更喜欢高知的环境和善良。外县居民明显具有这种偏好，约有一半的人有条件地希望美国转向。(2)计划和结果：对当地和社区的调查基本可以开展。但是，由于1986年修改《家庭登记法》，无法对“全家移居者”进行调查，因此对城市地区移居者的调查存在缺陷。另一方面，一些与这一主题有关的研究已被公开。(3)有待进一步讨论的问题：本研究留下了人口减少的社区社会与人口减少的停止社会的比较问题，以及对城市流动人口的调查中捕获率的问题。

(1)Objectives and results : Most studies on depopulation in mountain villages have make "the left people" objects. The object of this research has "city-ward migrants" too. So we can analyze depopulation from both sides of settlement and city-wark migration, and examine conditions for U.turn of the people who have migrated. As a result of this research, it is found that depopulation has stopped since 1980's in the Communal Society of Kochi because of a change in the character of the society, from a communal society for forest workers to one for salaried men, with alternation of generations. It is due to the spread of secondary and higher education, the job creation, the improvement in facilities for travel and the establishment of good mutual relation between middle aged persons and advanced aged. On the other hand, the city-ward migrants prefer the locality of their residence for a job, shopping and amusement, and prefer the Kochi for emvironment and kindness. Outer-prefecture residents distinctly are possessed of such preference, and about half of them conditionally hope the U.turn.(2)Plans and results : The surveys on the locality and the communal society could be nearly carried out. But the survey on the city-ward migrants was defective because the survey on the migrants with all of a family became impossible as a result of the amendment of the Family Resistration Law in 1986. On the other hand some studies connected with this theme have been made public.(3)Subjects for further discussion : This research leave the questions of a comparison between depopulating communal society and depopulation stopped one, and the ratio of catch in a survey on city-ward migrants.