Landscape-ecological study on the conservation of nature and landscape of the rural planning

自20世纪70年代S以来，西欧乡村规划的目的之一就是保护乡村的自然和景观。因此，西欧发展了乡村多样化的自然和美丽的风景。在日本，乡村规划的主要目的仍然是农业合理化，因此传统的乡村景观大多通过农地整理或河流改造而改变为单调的景观。本项目旨在考察一种景观生态方法，试图在日本进行自然和景观保护的乡村规划。本研究的主要内容如下：(1)对德国乡村规划和农地整理的文献进行了归类，并在文献介绍中补充。(2)我们从日本文献中澄清了以下事实。学者们对保护自然和景观的乡村规划的研究始于20世纪80年代的S。而农林水产省早在1990年S就开始了这样的项目，并从1995年开始尝试生态村的规划范本。(3)在调查区域(宫崎市宫城县横口区)，像以往一样进行农地整理，从景观生态的角度尝试自然和景观保护的乡村规划。我们非常重视BIOTOP在这一地区的研究，特别是牛弓湖的BIOTOP。

Since 1970's one of the purpose of the rural planning in Western Europe was the conservation of natur and landscape in the countryside. In consequence, Western Europe had developed the diversified nature and beautiful landscape in the countryside. In japan, the main purpose of the rural planning is still the rationalization of agriculture, therefore most of the traditional rural landscape has changed by the farmland consolidation or the river improvement into the monotonous landscape.This project aims at the investigation of a landscape-ecological method to attempt the rural planning with the conservation of nature and landscape in Japan.Main outlines of this research are as follows ;(1) We have pigeonholed the literature on the rural planning and farmland consolidation in Germany, and added to the bibliographical introductions.(2) We made a following facts clear from Japanese literature. The researches of the rural planning with the conservation of nature and landscape began in 1980's by the scholars. But Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries began a project of such kind in 1990's, and has been attempting a model plan of eco-village since 1995.(3) In the survey area (YOKOICHI-district, MIYAKONOJO-city, MIYAZAKI-Pref.), where is doing the farmland consolidation as in the past, we attempt a rural planning with the conservation of nature and landscape from a landscape-ecological viewpoint. We attached great importance to biotop in this area, especially biotop of the ox-bow lake.