NEW DEVELOPMENT CONCERNING THE LEGAL REGULATIONS OF CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS IN INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW

1. 关于地雷的法律管理，我们有三个法律文件（1980年地雷议定书、1996年地雷修正议定书和1997年全面禁止地雷条约）和一个条约谈判进程（“裁军谈判会议”进程）。描述了这些法律文件和程序的历史发展和相互关系，以及它们之间的相互关系。用于反传感器或杀伤人员的激光武器已经存在或正在发展中。通过1989- 1991年期间关于战场激光武器的四次专家会议的讨论，我们能够就激光武器的法律评估得出如下结论。起初，使用激光进行测距和其他辅助用途是合法的，尽管可能会造成致盲。其次，使用激光反传感器是合法的，因为它不违反“不必要的痛苦”原则。第三，使用激光致盲坦克和飞机是合法的，因为激光比其他武器具有更多的军事优势。与此同时，专家们在反步兵使用激光武器的合法性问题上存在很大分歧。在不清楚激光造成的痛苦（失明）是否与军事优势不成比例的情况下，我们被迫得出结论，它不是非法的，因为国际人道主义法是“禁止法”。1995年10月13日，1980年《某些常规武器公约》第一次审查会议通过了题为“关于激光致盲武器的议定书”的新的第四项议定书。它只禁止使用和转让“专门设计的激光武器，作为其唯一的战斗功能或作为其战斗功能之一，导致未增强视力的永久失明”。由于存在一些缺点，我认为该议定书为今后限制致盲武器的国际努力提供了一个起点。少

1. International Legal Regulation of LandminesConcerning the legal regulation of landmines, we have three legal documents (1980 Landmine Protocol, 1996 Amended Landmine Protocol and 1997 Total Ban Treaty on Landmines) and one treaty negotiation process (''Conference of Disarmament" Process). The historical development of and interrelationships among these legal documents and process, and their mutual relations are described.2. International Legal Regulation of Laser WeaponsLaser weapons designed as anti-sensor or anti-personnel are in existence or in the process of development. Through the discussion in four meetings of experts on battlefield laser weapons during 1989-91, we were then able to conclude about legal assessment of laser weapons as follows. At first, the use of lasers for range-finding and other ancillary purposes is legal in spite of the incidental blinding. Secondly, use of lasers for anti-sensor is legal because it do not violate the ''unnecessary suffering" principle. T … More hirdly, the use of lasers to disable tanks and aircrafts by blinding crews is legal because the laser offers much more military advantages than other weapons. At the same time, experts differed widely on the legality of the anti-infantry use of laser weapons. In the case that it was not clear whether the suffering caused by laser (blindness) was disproportionate to military advantages, we were forced to conclude that it was not illegal as international humanitarian law was 'prohibitive law'. On 13 October 1995, the First Review Conference of the 1980 Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) adopted a new fourth protocol entitled ''protocol on Blinding Laser Weapons". It prohibits only the use and transfer of 'laser weapons specifically designed, as their sole combat function or as one of their combat functions, to cause permanent blindness to unenhanced vision'. Due some shortcomings, I think that the protocol provides a starting point for future international efforts to restrict blinding weapons. Less