Nation-Building in Contemporary China : An Academic Research on the Ethnic Groups in the Chinese Periphery

1. 20世纪90年代，中国的离心力显著增加，在周边地区拥有55个少数民族，并试图整合异质的政治社区——台湾和香港。从国家完整性的角度来看，我们可以说她现在面临着身份危机。本学术研究的目的是调查周边地区，特别是新疆和云南的少数民族，并调查他们与蒙古和哈萨克斯坦兄弟的相互关系和相互关系。这项研究由三个小组进行。第一批5人实地考察（语言教育、宗教活动、家庭预算、市场调研等），并在哈萨克斯坦的阿拉木图和乌兰巴托与学者和政府官员进行了会谈。第二组在乌兰巴托考察了中蒙文化和经济交流，并收集了书籍和资料。第三组对中国西南地区白族的生活、宗教、经济和旅游业的实际情况进行了实地调查。在这些地区，我们可以观察到“三种民族主义”，这是非常有意义的。新生蒙古的民族问题是民主化、寻根和寻找“第三邻居”。我们可以看到沉着的民族主义和民族自信。由于经济停滞，缺乏技术官僚和专制政权，哈萨克斯坦的民族主义与她最近的独立相反，是不活跃的。另一方面，由于剧烈的社会变革、市场化以及中央政府对民族地区的强力控制，我们观察到维吾尔族地区——新疆喀什地区的民族主义情绪低迷，他们无法维护自己的民族认同和民族文化。

1. There is a remarkable increase of centrifugal forces in 1990's China that holds 55 national-minorities in her peripheral regions and tries to integrate the heterogeneous political communities --Taiwan and Hong kong. From the view point of the national integrity, we may say she is now facing an identity crisis.The purpose of our academic research was to investigate the ethnic minorities in the peripheral regions, especially in Xinjiang and Yunnan, and to survey their reciprocal relation and inter-relation with their brothers in Mongolia and Kazakhstan.2. The research was carried out by three groups. The first group, five members, made an on the spot investigation (language-education, religious activities, family budget, market research, etc.) and had talks with scholars and government officials in Almatui in Kazakhstan and Ulaanbaatar.The second group made an investigation into Sino-Mongolian cultural and economic exchanges and collected books and materials in Ulaanbaatar.The third group made on the spot investigation into the actual condition of life, religion, economy and the tourist industry of Bai Nationality in the south-western part of China.3. It is very significant that we could observe "three types of nationalism" in these areas. The national problem of the new born Mongolia is the democratization, roots-searching of Mongolian-State and finding "the third neighbor". We can see the composed nationalism and national confidence.Because of the economic stagnation, the lack of technocrats and the authoritarian regime, nationalism in Kazakhstan is inactive contrary to her recent independence.On the other hand, we observed the depressed nationalism in Uigur ares ---Kashgar in Xinjiang where they can't assert their national ideintity and their own national culture, because of the drastic social change, marketization and the strong control over the ethnic regions from the central government.