International comparative Study on bullying / School Violence

一份旨在进行国际比较研究以分析欺凌和校园暴力事实的自我报告标准问卷已经被翻译成几种语言，在四个五至九年级学生通信的国家进行管理。结果如下。受欺负率分别为：英国30.4%，荷兰20.0%，挪威20.8%，日本10.9%。事实证明，欺凌不仅在日本发生，在其他国家也是如此，即欺凌绝不是日本独有的现象。日本的数字最小，但高频-长期受害者(每周被欺负一次以上且超过一段时间的受害者)在整个受害者中的比例为：日本10.8%，挪威10.4%，荷兰10.8%，英国10.5%。这表明，日本人的欺凌行为相当严重。日本欺凌行为的特点是：疏忽和排斥的形式相对频繁(这种趋势在女孩中更为明显)，它们通常发生在教室里，许多学生经常被自己的同学欺负。每个国家在欺凌的程度、发生的方式以及学生和成年人对欺凌的反应方面都有一些独特的倾向。例如，在荷兰，欺凌行为可以被称为犯罪类型。如今，许多针对欺凌行为的干预/预防计划已经被翻译并引入日本。然而，简单地采用在某个国家成功的外国案例是行不通的，因为欺凌的病理特征因国家而异。应该在比较研究的基础上，包括文化比较分析，对外国的做法进行深思熟虑和研究。

A self -report standard questionnaire, which is aimed for international comparative study to analyze facts on bullying and school violence, has been developed and it was translated into several languages to be administered in four countries where fifth through ninth grade students corresponded.Findings are as follow. Rates of experience of being bullied are : England 30.4%, the Netherlands 20.0%, Norway 20.8%, and Japan 10.9%. It is confirmed that bullying does happen not only in Japan but also in other countries, i. e., bullying is by no means phenomena unique to Japan. The figure of Japan is the smallest but the rates of high-frequency-long-term victims (those who had experience of being bullied more than once a week AND longer than a term) in the whole victims are: Japan 10.8%, Norway 10.4%, the Netherlands 10.8%, and England 10.5%. It suggests that much of Japanese bullying is rather serious.Characteristics of bullying in Japan, are: a forms of negligence and exclusion are comparatively frequent (this tendency is more obvious among girls), they happen typically in classrooms, many students are frequently bullied by their own classmates. Each country has some characteristic tendencies in how bullying is, how it happen, and how students and adults react to them. For example, bullying in the Netherlands can be called criminal type.Nowadays, many intervention/prevention programs against bullying have bee been translated and introduced in Japan. However, simple adoption of foreign cases, which are successful in a certain country, will not work since characteristics of pathologies of bullying vary country to country. Deliberate consideration and study on foreign practices should be taken, based on comparative examination, including cultural comparative analysis.