The Collaboration of International Creative Science and International Science Culture

日本先进科学技术研究中心(RCAST)、东京大学和牛津大学在“国际创意科学”和“国际科学文化”领域开展了一项国际合作研究项目。通过以下合作研究计划，两个组织交流了研究人员和学生学习不同风格和方法的教育和研究活动，并探索了更好的国际合作互惠互利的方式：(1)先进无机复合材料的制造/结构/性能/评估的同步优化设计：回顾了日本和英国在结构和/或功能用途的先进无机复合材料方面的研究活动，总结了基础制造科学/技术、微观结构、机械/功能性能和无损评估。先进的陶瓷纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料有望在未来的应用中发挥重要作用。并结合实例讨论了优化设计的方法。微观材料科学方法试图与介观损伤的形成和发展观察有关，进而与宏观力学/功能特性相关联，以便更好地开发材料。(2)日本和英国科学史和政策的比较研究：回顾了日本和英国科学史和政策的差异。特别是以战前英国航空咨询委员会的研究活动为例，分析了政府/产业/大学合作项目的建立，并讨论了其对日本活动的影响。

An international collaborative research program has been conducted in the field of "international creative science" and "international science culture" between Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo and University of Oxford. Both organizations exchanged researchers and students to learn different styles and methodology of education and research activities, and explored much better ways for international collaborations for mutual benefits through the following collaborative research programs :(1) Simultaneous Optimum Design of Fabrication /Structure /Properties /Evaluation of Advanced Inorganic Composites : Research activities in Japan and UK on advanced Inorganic Composites for structural and/or functional use were reviewed to summarize the underlining fabrication science/technology, microstructure, mechanical/functional properties and non-destructive evaluation. Advanced ceramic fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites were chosen for review since they are expected toplay an important role for future application. The methodology for optimum design was discussed based on some practical examples. Microscopic materials science approach was attempted to be related to mesoscopic damage initiation and growth observation, and then to macroscopic mechanical/functional properties for systematic design procedure in better material development.(2) Comparative Studies on Japanese and British Science History and Policy : The difference in Japanese and British Science History and Policy was reviewed. Especially, the research activities by the Advisory Committee for Aeronautics in UK before the War were analyzed as an example of establishment of government/industry/university collaboration programs, and its influence on the Japanese activities was discussed.