Foraging behavior and energy dynamics of Antarctic penguins

在南极海洋，企鹅在南极海洋生态系统中扮演着重要的角色，它们捕食南极磷虾和其他一些被捕食的生物，特别是磷虾，它们是生态系统的关键物种。近年来的研究表明，全球气候系统通过海冰状况的变化对南极海洋生态系统产生重大影响。要了解这种变化和影响可能会如何发生，目前还不确定。我们通过使用高度复杂的微型数据记录器系统测量企鹅划分和觅食行为的努力来研究变化的过程。结果表明，当冰层较大时，企鹅潜水的深度和时间都较深，表明它们的觅食努力有所增加。他们展示了贝纳思独特的潜水轮廓，这是在无冰地区从未见过的海冰。这表明重冰条件对企鹅有一种压力。在这项研究中，还发现了关于游泳行为的有趣结果。企鹅(帝企鹅)在下潜时的游泳速度为2米/秒，在上升阶段的最后一刻将其速度提高到3米/S，而不需要付出任何抖动的努力。这表明，它们浮出水面是因为肺部充气的气量增加了浮力。

In the Antarctic Ocean penguins play important role in the Antarctic marine ecosystem by foraging the Antarctic krill and some other prey organisms which are, particularly krill, key species of the ecosystem. In the recent studies, it was revealed that global climate system have significant effect on the Antarctic marine ecosystem through the change of sea ice condition. To understand how such change and effect may occur is still uncertain. We studied the process of change by measuring effort of dividing and foraging behavior of penguins by highly sophisticated micro-data logger system. The result showed that penguins dive deeper and longer when ice condition was heavy inndicating their increase of foraging effort. They showed unique dive profile benarth the sea ice which weree never seen in ice free area. This suggest that heavy ice condition have a kind of stress to the penguins. Interesting results on swim behavior was also found in this study. Swim speed of penguin (king penguin) was 2m/second during dive and increase their speed up to 3m/s at the last moment of ascending phase without paying any fluttering effort. This suggest that they came to surface by increased buoyancy of inflated air volume in their lungs.