General and Theoretical Study of Modern Envionmental Law and Environmental Policy

本研究旨在分析日本现代环境法和环境政策的发展。本研究的研究结果概括如下：首先，日本在20世纪60年代观察到了反污染法的创新，自20世纪70年代以来，随着环境问题的扩散和更普遍的问题变得严重，环境法得到了发展。其次，以德国和日本为重点的比较分析指出，日本法律制度倾向于非正式和契约式的解决方法，而德国法律制度密集地发展了公法工具。第三，近年来环境法领域出现的一些理念，如法律的响应性和灵活性的意义，促使人们重新考虑基于严格规则的西方法律思想。本研究论证了日本法律观念在一定程度上促进了现代环境法新理念的创新，并得出结论：环境法的发展跨越了政治意识形态和制度，因此是某些政治因素的自变量。

This study aims at analyzing the development of modern environmental law and environmental policy in Japan. The findings of this study are summarized as follows :First, in Japan in 1960s the innovation of anti-pollution law was observed and since l970s, when diffuser and more general environmental problems became serious, the environmental law has been developed.Secondary, the comparative analyzation focusing on Germany and Japan points out that the Japanese legal system prefers the informal and contractual solving methods, while the German legal system has intensively developed the instruments of public law.Thirdly, some ideas, which have been developed in recent years in the field of environmental law, for example the significance of responsiveness and flexibility of law, urges the reconsideration of western legal ideas, which are based upon rigorous rules. This study demonstrates that Japanese legal ideas contribute the innovation of the new ideas of modern environmental law to some extent.Finally, this study comes to the conclusion that the development of environmental law across the political ideology and institutions and in consequence is the independent variable of some political factors.