Research on polar upper atmosphere using the EISCAT Svalbard radar

斯瓦尔巴EISCAT雷达（ESR）是世界上观测极地尖顶区和帽区电离层现象的最重要的工具之一。BISCAT雷达系统与分别于1981年和1987年在斯堪的纳维亚北部运行的EISCAT UHF和VHF （KST）雷达一起，为我们提供了基本的物理参数，如离子速度、离子和电子温度以及极地电离层上的电子密度。通过VHF和ESR雷达的同步观测，发现了离子流出过程中场向和垂直分量温度的不均匀性。这个刚刚提交给《地球物理研究快报》（Geophysical Research Letters）的研究结果，肯定有助于阐明极地电离层中的离子外流。利用EISCAT CP数据库，研究了极光e区风的季节变化和太阳周期依赖性，热层、电离层和磁层之间的能量耦合，离子相对于局部磁力线的运动，离子和电子的加热，离子流出事件，电离层电流等。为了推进这些不同的研究，我们安装了一个由finish-EISCAT小组开发的名为GUISDAP的软件。该软件使我们能够在自己的计算机上分析IS光谱数据。利用GUISDAP对大量CP数据进行了综合分析。

Svalbard EISCAT radar (ESR) is one of the greatest tools in the world for observing ionospheric phenomena in the polar cusp and cap regions. Together with EISCAT UHF and VHF (KST) radars in northern Scandinavia, which have been operated since 1981 and 1987 respectively, BISCAT radar systems provide us with essential physical parameters such as ion velocity, ion and electron temperatures, and electron density over the polar ionosphere.Based on simultaneous observations by VHF and ESR radars, we found the temperature inhomogeneities between temperatures of the field-aligned and its vertical components during ion-outflow event. This result, just submitted to Geophysical Research Letters, is sure to contribute to throwing light on the ion-outflow in the polar ionosphere.Using EISCAT CP database, various kinds of studies are made such as (1) seasonal variation as well as solar cycle dependence of the auroral E-region wind, (2) energy coupling between the thermosphere, ionosphere, and magnetosphere, (3) the ion motion relative to the local magnetic field line, (4) ion and electron heating, (5) ion outflow events, (6) ionospheric currents.To advance such various studies, we have installed a software named GUISDAP developed by the finish-EISCAT group. This software enables us to analyze IS spectra data on our own computer. Using GUISDAP, a comprehensive analysis of huge amount of CP data are carried on.