ELECTRON,ION AND PHOTON EMISSION FROM FRESH SURFACES OF METAL ACCOMPANYING DEFORMATION AND FRACTURE

我们研究了化学吸附发射（电子发射伴随着反应气体在金属表面的吸附）和原子力显微镜作为金属Mg/玻璃界面断裂期间塑性变形的测量方法。金属相局部的韧性变形提高了断裂能，使金属Mg暴露在活性O_2气氛中，产生强烈的发射。在低压氧气环境中，断裂后发射的电子数与断裂时消耗的总能量（剥离能）密切相关。通过原子力显微镜（AFM）验证了局部韧性变形的存在：在表面上观察到产生显著发射和增强断裂能的空洞。在产生最低剥离能量和发射强度的样品上没有观察到这些空洞，即变形对剥离能量的贡献可以忽略不计。化学吸收电子发射（CS…More E）作为探测Mg， Ti和Al界面变形的潜力是有希望的。电子散斑干涉法（ESPI）已应用于测量在室温和低温（最低-20K）之间的冷却和升温过程中的变形，应变和热膨胀。样品是几种商业可用的金属（SUS， Al和Ti）和非金属（FRP，氧化铝，特氟龙和SiO_2）材料。ESPI方法提供了一种非接触和温度无关的方法来测量受大温度变化影响的材料的位移，只要保持散斑图案的相关性。与传统方法相比，这种方法有一个重要的优点，即信息保留在录像机上以供进一步分析。成功地测量了结构材料在冷却或升温过程中由于热变形引起的力学行为，并通过实验验证了ESPI方法在低温工程中的适用性。少

We examined the use of chemisorptive emission (electron emission accompanying the adsorption of a reactive gas on a metal surface) and atomic force microscopy as measures of plastic deformation during fracture along a metallic Mg/glass interface. Localized ductile deformation in the metallic phase enhances the fracture energy, exposes metallic Mg to the reactive O_2 atmosphere, and produces intense emission. The number of electrons emitted following fracture in low-pressure oxygen atmospheres is strongly correlated with the total energy expended during failure (peel energy). The presence of localized ductile deformation is verified by atomic force microscopy (AFM) : voids are observed on surfaces yielding significant emissions and enhanced fracture energies. These voids are not observed on samples yielding the lowest peel energies and emission intensities, i.e., where the contribution of deformation to the peel energy is negligible. The potential for chemisorptive electron emission (CS … More E) as a probe of deformation along interfaces involving Mg, Ti, and Al is promising.Electronic speckle pattem inteferometry (ESPI) has been applied to the measurement of deformation, strain, and thermal expansion during the cooling down and warming up processes between room temperature and low temperatures (minimum -20K). Samples are several commercial available metallic (SUS, Al, and Ti) and non-metallic (FRP, Alunina, Teflon, and SiO_2) materials. The ESPI method offers a non-contact and temperature-independent method to measure the displacement of materials subject to large temperature changes, as long as the correlations of the speckle patterns are kept. This metod presents an essential advantage over the conventional ones in that the information remains recorded on the video tape recorder for further analysis. The mechanical behavior of structural materials due to the thermal deformation are successfully measured during the cooling down or warming up processes, and applicability of ESPI methods to the low temperature engineering are experimentally confirmed. Less