A STUDY ON FAMILY IDEAS IN JAPAN

1. 日本传统的家庭观念形成于近代早期的“IE”时期。“IE”虽然具有父权制的特征，但其根本支撑是“IE”成员之间的平等主义思想和“WA”（一种团结精神）。它也被理想化为社区和社会的官方单位，并在其中发展了对“IE”永恒的渴望。“IE”的概念在当时不同的社会地位中有一些不同的，但更普遍的性质。和“即”。日本的祖先崇拜和儒家伦理思想为其提供了一些与之相适应的思想和价值观。“IE”作为近代早期确立的“日本”制度，在明治时代的近代化进程中得以维持和重组。想法也在继续。即使是在二战后经济高速增长的时期，“日本”制度也被重组为日本的“公司制社会”，所以今天正是转型的时代。在这个历史前提下，今天的家庭观念才得以存在。一是当代嬗变与传统延续性并存。例如，人们重视家庭中的情感和情感纽带，但同时也期望“IE”的代际持久性。从我们的研究数据来看，我们无法看到一个从传统家庭观念消解到“当代家庭”观念确立的直接过程。其次，人口减少对农村家庭观念的影响。因此，我们不能把农村社会落后于城市的假设和农村社会具有传统的社会文化特征的假设适用于农村家庭。

1. The traditional family idea of Japan was shaped in "IE" in the early modem period. Although "IE" had characteristics of patriarchy, it was fundamentally supported by the idea of egalitarianism and "WA" (a spirit of unity) among members of "IE". It was also idealized as the official unit in the community and the society, and in it developed the idea of longing for permanency of "IE". "IE" idea had some different, but much more common properties among different social positions in those days. And "IE". idea was offered several conformable thoughts and values by the Japanese ancestor worship and the Confucian ethics.2. As the "Japanese" system, established in the early modem period, was maintained and reorganized in the modernization process of the Meiji era, "IE". idea also continued. Even in the period of the high economic growth after the World War 2 the "Japanese" system was reorganized into the Japanese "company-based society" , and so the present day is just the era of transfiguration.3. Under this historical premise, today's family ideas exist. First, the contemporary transfiguration and the persistency of tradition coexist. For example, people attach importance to emotional and sentimental ties in the family, but at the same time the generational permanency of "IE" is expected. On our research data we cannot prospect a straight process from the dissolution of traditional family idea to the establishment of "contemporary family" idea. Second, the factor of depopulation influences family ideas in the rural area. As a result we cannot apply to rural families the hypothesis that the rural society is backward as compared with the urban, and that the rural society has traditional social and cultural characteristics.