Studies on Social Structures in Cross-cultural Region

这项研究的主要目的是在确定冲绳为跨文化地区后，通过跨文化接触来考察历史社会条件，研究冲绳的社会结构，并展望未来的前景。研究的对象是绪方的边界、Aiza的语言变化和Fujita的小合作小组。通过这些研究，我们以外来文化对冲绳地域特征的影响为例，采用文献资料、听证研究等方法，不加量化，得出冲绳在历史上通过与其他文化的接触经历了不同的变化，并在中国的保护下保持了独立的身份认同，虽然冲绳与日本本土的地理位置相近，使其与日本的关系变得紧密。冲绳被称为“余”的历史差异是建立在跨文化差异上的。当改变观点时，冲绳已经被其他文化的影响所玩弄。例如，上层阶级过去有中国人的姓氏，试图建立父系社会，但中下层阶级建立了像日本旧社会一样的母系社会，以及围绕着一个Utaki(圣地)的名为“shima”的地区社会。这个社会具有封闭的社会结构，是一个与自然共存的共同体。但是，向向中心转移的社会转型具有多方面的结构，城市与山区或偏远海岛地区的区域差异也是显著的。藤田表示，当地名为“京东”的合作商店的变化是城市地区合作社区的变化。冲绳和东南亚国家一样，是一个存在各种瓦片问题的地区，需要进一步调查。

The main purpose of this research was to study the social structures and to see the future prospects of Okinawa by examining the historical social conditions through cross cultural contacts, after our determining Okinawa as a cross-cultural region. The subjects of studies were boundary by Ogata, changes in their language by Aiza and small cooperative groups by Fujita. Through these studies we investigated the regional characteristics influenced by outer cultures as a case study ,with documents and data and by hearing research, but without putting into numerical values.The results obtained were that Okinawa has gone through various changes by contacts with other cultures through its history and maintained its independent identity protected by China though die geographical closeness with Japans main lands made its relation with Japan dense. Historical distinctions called "Yu" in Okinawa were laid on cross-cultural distinctions.When changed the point of view, Okinawa has been trifled with by influences of other cultures. For example, the upper class had Chinese family names and tried to establish a paternal society in the past, but the middle and lower classes had established a maternal society like Japanese old society, and a area society named "shima" surrounding a "utaki" (sacred place)". This society had closing society structure, and it was the community based lot the coexistence with the nature. But, it has many-sided structure to change to the society which moves an individual to the center defeat occupy revert, Also the area differences between the urban areas and mountain areas or remote island areas were remarkable. According to Fujita,the change of local cooperative shops named "kyodoten" were the change of cooperative communities in urban areas.Okinawa, like South East Asian countries, is a region which carries various problems of tile present and needs further investigation.